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668 lines
22 KiB
668 lines
22 KiB
4 months ago
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"""Internationalization and localization support.
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This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N)
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support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettext
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message catalog library.
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I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiple
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languages. L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, once
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internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits.
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"""
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# This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and
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# suggestions from the following people:
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#
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# Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying
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# C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal
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# gettext.py implementation.
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#
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# Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule,
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# which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if
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# intlmodule wasn't available.
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#
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# James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some
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# interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of
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# a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via
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# a Python API.
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#
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# Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code,
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# and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards.
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#
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# Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this
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# module.
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#
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# J. David Ibanez implemented plural forms. Bruno Haible fixed some bugs.
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#
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# TODO:
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# - Lazy loading of .mo files. Currently the entire catalog is loaded into
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# memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs. Instead,
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# the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited
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# to do binary searches and lazy initializations. Or you might want to use
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# the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but
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# you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this.
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#
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# - Support Solaris .mo file formats. Unfortunately, we've been unable to
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# find this format documented anywhere.
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import locale, copy, os, re, struct, sys
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from errno import ENOENT
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__all__ = ['NullTranslations', 'GNUTranslations', 'Catalog',
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'find', 'translation', 'install', 'textdomain', 'bindtextdomain',
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'bind_textdomain_codeset',
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'dgettext', 'dngettext', 'gettext', 'lgettext', 'ldgettext',
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'ldngettext', 'lngettext', 'ngettext',
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]
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_default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale')
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# Expression parsing for plural form selection.
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#
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# The gettext library supports a small subset of C syntax. The only
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# incompatible difference is that integer literals starting with zero are
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# decimal.
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#
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# https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Plural-forms
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# http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/gettext.git/tree/gettext-runtime/intl/plural.y
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_token_pattern = re.compile(r"""
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(?P<WHITESPACES>[ \t]+) | # spaces and horizontal tabs
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(?P<NUMBER>[0-9]+\b) | # decimal integer
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(?P<NAME>n\b) | # only n is allowed
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(?P<PARENTHESIS>[()]) |
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(?P<OPERATOR>[-*/%+?:]|[><!]=?|==|&&|\|\|) | # !, *, /, %, +, -, <, >,
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# <=, >=, ==, !=, &&, ||,
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# ? :
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# unary and bitwise ops
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# not allowed
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(?P<INVALID>\w+|.) # invalid token
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""", re.VERBOSE|re.DOTALL)
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def _tokenize(plural):
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for mo in re.finditer(_token_pattern, plural):
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kind = mo.lastgroup
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if kind == 'WHITESPACES':
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continue
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value = mo.group(kind)
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if kind == 'INVALID':
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raise ValueError('invalid token in plural form: %s' % value)
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yield value
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yield ''
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def _error(value):
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if value:
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return ValueError('unexpected token in plural form: %s' % value)
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else:
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return ValueError('unexpected end of plural form')
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_binary_ops = (
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('||',),
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('&&',),
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('==', '!='),
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('<', '>', '<=', '>='),
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('+', '-'),
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('*', '/', '%'),
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)
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_binary_ops = {op: i for i, ops in enumerate(_binary_ops, 1) for op in ops}
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_c2py_ops = {'||': 'or', '&&': 'and', '/': '//'}
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def _parse(tokens, priority=-1):
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result = ''
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nexttok = next(tokens)
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while nexttok == '!':
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result += 'not '
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nexttok = next(tokens)
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if nexttok == '(':
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sub, nexttok = _parse(tokens)
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result = '%s(%s)' % (result, sub)
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if nexttok != ')':
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raise ValueError('unbalanced parenthesis in plural form')
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elif nexttok == 'n':
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result = '%s%s' % (result, nexttok)
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else:
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try:
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value = int(nexttok, 10)
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except ValueError:
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raise _error(nexttok)
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result = '%s%d' % (result, value)
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nexttok = next(tokens)
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j = 100
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while nexttok in _binary_ops:
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i = _binary_ops[nexttok]
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if i < priority:
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break
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# Break chained comparisons
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if i in (3, 4) and j in (3, 4): # '==', '!=', '<', '>', '<=', '>='
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result = '(%s)' % result
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# Replace some C operators by their Python equivalents
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op = _c2py_ops.get(nexttok, nexttok)
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right, nexttok = _parse(tokens, i + 1)
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result = '%s %s %s' % (result, op, right)
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j = i
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if j == priority == 4: # '<', '>', '<=', '>='
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result = '(%s)' % result
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if nexttok == '?' and priority <= 0:
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if_true, nexttok = _parse(tokens, 0)
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if nexttok != ':':
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raise _error(nexttok)
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if_false, nexttok = _parse(tokens)
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result = '%s if %s else %s' % (if_true, result, if_false)
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if priority == 0:
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result = '(%s)' % result
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return result, nexttok
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def _as_int(n):
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try:
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i = round(n)
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except TypeError:
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raise TypeError('Plural value must be an integer, got %s' %
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(n.__class__.__name__,))
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return n
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def c2py(plural):
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"""Gets a C expression as used in PO files for plural forms and returns a
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Python function that implements an equivalent expression.
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"""
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if len(plural) > 1000:
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raise ValueError('plural form expression is too long')
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try:
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result, nexttok = _parse(_tokenize(plural))
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if nexttok:
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raise _error(nexttok)
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depth = 0
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for c in result:
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if c == '(':
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depth += 1
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if depth > 20:
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# Python compiler limit is about 90.
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# The most complex example has 2.
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raise ValueError('plural form expression is too complex')
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elif c == ')':
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depth -= 1
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ns = {'_as_int': _as_int}
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exec('''if 1:
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def func(n):
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if not isinstance(n, int):
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n = _as_int(n)
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return int(%s)
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''' % result, ns)
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return ns['func']
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except RuntimeError:
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# Recursion error can be raised in _parse() or exec().
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raise ValueError('plural form expression is too complex')
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def _expand_lang(locale):
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from locale import normalize
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locale = normalize(locale)
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COMPONENT_CODESET = 1 << 0
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COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1
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COMPONENT_MODIFIER = 1 << 2
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# split up the locale into its base components
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mask = 0
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pos = locale.find('@')
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if pos >= 0:
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modifier = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER
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else:
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modifier = ''
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pos = locale.find('.')
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if pos >= 0:
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codeset = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET
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else:
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codeset = ''
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pos = locale.find('_')
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if pos >= 0:
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territory = locale[pos:]
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locale = locale[:pos]
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mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY
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else:
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territory = ''
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language = locale
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ret = []
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for i in range(mask+1):
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if not (i & ~mask): # if all components for this combo exist ...
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val = language
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if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory
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if i & COMPONENT_CODESET: val += codeset
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if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER: val += modifier
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ret.append(val)
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ret.reverse()
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return ret
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class NullTranslations:
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def __init__(self, fp=None):
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self._info = {}
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self._charset = None
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self._output_charset = None
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self._fallback = None
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if fp is not None:
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self._parse(fp)
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def _parse(self, fp):
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pass
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def add_fallback(self, fallback):
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if self._fallback:
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self._fallback.add_fallback(fallback)
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else:
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self._fallback = fallback
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def gettext(self, message):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.gettext(message)
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return message
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def lgettext(self, message):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.lgettext(message)
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return message
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def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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if n == 1:
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return msgid1
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else:
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return msgid2
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def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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if n == 1:
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return msgid1
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else:
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return msgid2
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def ugettext(self, message):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.ugettext(message)
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return unicode(message)
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def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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if self._fallback:
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return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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if n == 1:
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return unicode(msgid1)
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else:
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return unicode(msgid2)
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def info(self):
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return self._info
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def charset(self):
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return self._charset
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def output_charset(self):
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return self._output_charset
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def set_output_charset(self, charset):
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self._output_charset = charset
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def install(self, unicode=False, names=None):
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import __builtin__
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__builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext
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if hasattr(names, "__contains__"):
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if "gettext" in names:
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__builtin__.__dict__['gettext'] = __builtin__.__dict__['_']
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if "ngettext" in names:
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__builtin__.__dict__['ngettext'] = (unicode and self.ungettext
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or self.ngettext)
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if "lgettext" in names:
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__builtin__.__dict__['lgettext'] = self.lgettext
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if "lngettext" in names:
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__builtin__.__dict__['lngettext'] = self.lngettext
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class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):
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# Magic number of .mo files
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LE_MAGIC = 0x950412deL
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BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495L
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def _parse(self, fp):
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"""Override this method to support alternative .mo formats."""
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unpack = struct.unpack
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filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '')
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# Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32
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# bit words.
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self._catalog = catalog = {}
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self.plural = lambda n: int(n != 1) # germanic plural by default
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buf = fp.read()
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buflen = len(buf)
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# Are we big endian or little endian?
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magic = unpack('<I', buf[:4])[0]
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if magic == self.LE_MAGIC:
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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('<4I', buf[4:20])
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ii = '<II'
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elif magic == self.BE_MAGIC:
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version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('>4I', buf[4:20])
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ii = '>II'
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else:
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raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename)
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# Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog
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# dictionary.
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for i in xrange(0, msgcount):
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mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8])
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mend = moff + mlen
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tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8])
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tend = toff + tlen
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if mend < buflen and tend < buflen:
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msg = buf[moff:mend]
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tmsg = buf[toff:tend]
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else:
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raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename)
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# See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata
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if mlen == 0:
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# Catalog description
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lastk = None
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|
for item in tmsg.splitlines():
|
||
|
|
item = item.strip()
|
||
|
|
if not item:
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
k = v = None
|
||
|
|
if ':' in item:
|
||
|
|
k, v = item.split(':', 1)
|
||
|
|
k = k.strip().lower()
|
||
|
|
v = v.strip()
|
||
|
|
self._info[k] = v
|
||
|
|
lastk = k
|
||
|
|
elif lastk:
|
||
|
|
self._info[lastk] += '\n' + item
|
||
|
|
if k == 'content-type':
|
||
|
|
self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1]
|
||
|
|
elif k == 'plural-forms':
|
||
|
|
v = v.split(';')
|
||
|
|
plural = v[1].split('plural=')[1]
|
||
|
|
self.plural = c2py(plural)
|
||
|
|
# Note: we unconditionally convert both msgids and msgstrs to
|
||
|
|
# Unicode using the character encoding specified in the charset
|
||
|
|
# parameter of the Content-Type header. The gettext documentation
|
||
|
|
# strongly encourages msgids to be us-ascii, but some applications
|
||
|
|
# require alternative encodings (e.g. Zope's ZCML and ZPT). For
|
||
|
|
# traditional gettext applications, the msgid conversion will
|
||
|
|
# cause no problems since us-ascii should always be a subset of
|
||
|
|
# the charset encoding. We may want to fall back to 8-bit msgids
|
||
|
|
# if the Unicode conversion fails.
|
||
|
|
if '\x00' in msg:
|
||
|
|
# Plural forms
|
||
|
|
msgid1, msgid2 = msg.split('\x00')
|
||
|
|
tmsg = tmsg.split('\x00')
|
||
|
|
if self._charset:
|
||
|
|
msgid1 = unicode(msgid1, self._charset)
|
||
|
|
tmsg = [unicode(x, self._charset) for x in tmsg]
|
||
|
|
for i in range(len(tmsg)):
|
||
|
|
catalog[(msgid1, i)] = tmsg[i]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
if self._charset:
|
||
|
|
msg = unicode(msg, self._charset)
|
||
|
|
tmsg = unicode(tmsg, self._charset)
|
||
|
|
catalog[msg] = tmsg
|
||
|
|
# advance to next entry in the seek tables
|
||
|
|
masteridx += 8
|
||
|
|
transidx += 8
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def gettext(self, message):
|
||
|
|
missing = object()
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)
|
||
|
|
if tmsg is missing:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.gettext(message)
|
||
|
|
return message
|
||
|
|
# Encode the Unicode tmsg back to an 8-bit string, if possible
|
||
|
|
if self._output_charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
|
||
|
|
elif self._charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._charset)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def lgettext(self, message):
|
||
|
|
missing = object()
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)
|
||
|
|
if tmsg is missing:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.lgettext(message)
|
||
|
|
return message
|
||
|
|
if self._output_charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
|
||
|
|
if self._output_charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
|
||
|
|
elif self._charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._charset)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
if n == 1:
|
||
|
|
return msgid1
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return msgid2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
|
||
|
|
if self._output_charset:
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
if n == 1:
|
||
|
|
return msgid1
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return msgid2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ugettext(self, message):
|
||
|
|
missing = object()
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)
|
||
|
|
if tmsg is missing:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.ugettext(message)
|
||
|
|
return unicode(message)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
if self._fallback:
|
||
|
|
return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
if n == 1:
|
||
|
|
tmsg = unicode(msgid1)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
tmsg = unicode(msgid2)
|
||
|
|
return tmsg
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategy
|
||
|
|
def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=0):
|
||
|
|
# Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied
|
||
|
|
if localedir is None:
|
||
|
|
localedir = _default_localedir
|
||
|
|
if languages is None:
|
||
|
|
languages = []
|
||
|
|
for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):
|
||
|
|
val = os.environ.get(envar)
|
||
|
|
if val:
|
||
|
|
languages = val.split(':')
|
||
|
|
break
|
||
|
|
if 'C' not in languages:
|
||
|
|
languages.append('C')
|
||
|
|
# now normalize and expand the languages
|
||
|
|
nelangs = []
|
||
|
|
for lang in languages:
|
||
|
|
for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):
|
||
|
|
if nelang not in nelangs:
|
||
|
|
nelangs.append(nelang)
|
||
|
|
# select a language
|
||
|
|
if all:
|
||
|
|
result = []
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
result = None
|
||
|
|
for lang in nelangs:
|
||
|
|
if lang == 'C':
|
||
|
|
break
|
||
|
|
mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)
|
||
|
|
if os.path.exists(mofile):
|
||
|
|
if all:
|
||
|
|
result.append(mofile)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return mofile
|
||
|
|
return result
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object
|
||
|
|
_translations = {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
|
||
|
|
class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None):
|
||
|
|
if class_ is None:
|
||
|
|
class_ = GNUTranslations
|
||
|
|
mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=1)
|
||
|
|
if not mofiles:
|
||
|
|
if fallback:
|
||
|
|
return NullTranslations()
|
||
|
|
raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)
|
||
|
|
# Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done
|
||
|
|
# once.
|
||
|
|
result = None
|
||
|
|
for mofile in mofiles:
|
||
|
|
key = (class_, os.path.abspath(mofile))
|
||
|
|
t = _translations.get(key)
|
||
|
|
if t is None:
|
||
|
|
with open(mofile, 'rb') as fp:
|
||
|
|
t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(fp))
|
||
|
|
# Copy the translation object to allow setting fallbacks and
|
||
|
|
# output charset. All other instance data is shared with the
|
||
|
|
# cached object.
|
||
|
|
t = copy.copy(t)
|
||
|
|
if codeset:
|
||
|
|
t.set_output_charset(codeset)
|
||
|
|
if result is None:
|
||
|
|
result = t
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
result.add_fallback(t)
|
||
|
|
return result
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=False, codeset=None, names=None):
|
||
|
|
t = translation(domain, localedir, fallback=True, codeset=codeset)
|
||
|
|
t.install(unicode, names)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# a mapping b/w domains and locale directories
|
||
|
|
_localedirs = {}
|
||
|
|
# a mapping b/w domains and codesets
|
||
|
|
_localecodesets = {}
|
||
|
|
# current global domain, `messages' used for compatibility w/ GNU gettext
|
||
|
|
_current_domain = 'messages'
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def textdomain(domain=None):
|
||
|
|
global _current_domain
|
||
|
|
if domain is not None:
|
||
|
|
_current_domain = domain
|
||
|
|
return _current_domain
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None):
|
||
|
|
global _localedirs
|
||
|
|
if localedir is not None:
|
||
|
|
_localedirs[domain] = localedir
|
||
|
|
return _localedirs.get(domain, _default_localedir)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset=None):
|
||
|
|
global _localecodesets
|
||
|
|
if codeset is not None:
|
||
|
|
_localecodesets[domain] = codeset
|
||
|
|
return _localecodesets.get(domain)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def dgettext(domain, message):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
|
||
|
|
codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
|
||
|
|
except IOError:
|
||
|
|
return message
|
||
|
|
return t.gettext(message)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ldgettext(domain, message):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
|
||
|
|
codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
|
||
|
|
except IOError:
|
||
|
|
return message
|
||
|
|
return t.lgettext(message)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def dngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
|
||
|
|
codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
|
||
|
|
except IOError:
|
||
|
|
if n == 1:
|
||
|
|
return msgid1
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return msgid2
|
||
|
|
return t.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ldngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
|
||
|
|
codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
|
||
|
|
except IOError:
|
||
|
|
if n == 1:
|
||
|
|
return msgid1
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return msgid2
|
||
|
|
return t.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def gettext(message):
|
||
|
|
return dgettext(_current_domain, message)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def lgettext(message):
|
||
|
|
return ldgettext(_current_domain, message)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
return dngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n):
|
||
|
|
return ldngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# dcgettext() has been deemed unnecessary and is not implemented.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# James Henstridge's Catalog constructor from GNOME gettext. Documented usage
|
||
|
|
# was:
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# import gettext
|
||
|
|
# cat = gettext.Catalog(PACKAGE, localedir=LOCALEDIR)
|
||
|
|
# _ = cat.gettext
|
||
|
|
# print _('Hello World')
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# The resulting catalog object currently don't support access through a
|
||
|
|
# dictionary API, which was supported (but apparently unused) in GNOME
|
||
|
|
# gettext.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Catalog = translation
|