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72 lines
2.4 KiB
72 lines
2.4 KiB
4 months ago
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:mod:`glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion
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=====================================================
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.. module:: glob
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:synopsis: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.
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.. index:: single: filenames; pathname expansion
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/glob.py`
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--------------
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The :mod:`glob` module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern
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according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in
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arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but ``*``, ``?``, and character
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ranges expressed with ``[]`` will be correctly matched. This is done by using
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the :func:`os.listdir` and :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` functions in concert, and
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not by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch`,
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:mod:`glob` treats filenames beginning with a dot (``.``) as special cases.
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(For tilde and shell variable expansion, use :func:`os.path.expanduser` and
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:func:`os.path.expandvars`.)
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For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.
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For example, ``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``.
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.. function:: glob(pathname)
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Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match *pathname*, which must be
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a string containing a path specification. *pathname* can be either absolute
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(like :file:`/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like
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:file:`../../Tools/\*/\*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken
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symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell).
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.. function:: iglob(pathname)
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Return an :term:`iterator` which yields the same values as :func:`glob`
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without actually storing them all simultaneously.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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For example, consider a directory containing only the following files:
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:file:`1.gif`, :file:`2.txt`, and :file:`card.gif`. :func:`glob` will produce
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the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are
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preserved. ::
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>>> import glob
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>>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
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['./1.gif', './2.txt']
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>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
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['1.gif', 'card.gif']
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>>> glob.glob('?.gif')
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['1.gif']
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If the directory contains files starting with ``.`` they won't be matched by
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default. For example, consider a directory containing :file:`card.gif` and
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:file:`.card.gif`::
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>>> import glob
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>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
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['card.gif']
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>>> glob.glob('.c*')
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['.card.gif']
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.. seealso::
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Module :mod:`fnmatch`
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Shell-style filename (not path) expansion
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