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335 lines
10 KiB
335 lines
10 KiB
'\" t
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.TH mformat 1 "28Nov20" mtools-4.0.26
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.SH Name
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mformat - add an MSDOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk
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'\" t
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.de TQ
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.br
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.ns
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.TP \\$1
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..
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.tr \(is'
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.tr \(if`
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.tr \(pd"
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.SH Note\ of\ warning
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This manpage has been automatically generated from mtools's texinfo
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documentation, and may not be entirely accurate or complete. See the
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end of this man page for details.
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.PP
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.SH Description
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.PP
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The \fR\&\f(CWmformat\fR command is used to add an MS-DOS file system to a
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low-level formatted diskette. Its syntax is:
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.PP
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.ft I
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.nf
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\&\fR\&\f(CWmformat\fR [\fR\&\f(CW-t\fR \fIcylinders\fR|\fR\&\f(CW-T\fR \fItot_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-h\fR \fIheads\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-s\fR \fIsectors\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-f\fR \fIsize\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-1\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-4\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-8\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-v\fR \fIvolume_label\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-F\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-S\fR \fIsizecode\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-M\fR \fIsoftware_sector_size\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-N\fR \fIserial_number\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-a\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-C\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-H\fR \fIhidden_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-I\fR \fIfsVersion\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-r\fR \fIroot_sectors\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-L\fR \fIfat_len\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-B\fR \fIboot_sector\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-k\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-m\fR \fImedia_descriptor\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-K\fR \fIbackup_boot\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-R\fR \fInb_reserved_sectors\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-c\fR \fIclusters_per_sector\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-d\fR \fIfat_copies\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-X\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-2\fR \fIsectors_on_track_0\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-3\fR]
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[\fR\&\f(CW-0\fR \fIrate_on_track_0\fR] [\fR\&\f(CW-A\fR \fIrate_on_other_tracks\fR]
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\fIdrive:\fR
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.fi
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.ft R
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.PP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWMformat\fR adds a minimal MS-DOS file system (boot sector, FAT, and
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root directory) to a diskette that has already been formatted by a Unix
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low-level format.
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.PP
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The following options are supported: (The S, 2, 1 and M options may not
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exist if this copy of mtools has been compiled without the USE_2M
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option)
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.PP
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The following options are the same as for MS-DOS's format command:
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.PP
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.SH Options
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWv\fR\
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Specifies the volume label. A volume label identifies the disk and can
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be a maximum of 11 characters. If you omit the -v switch, mformat will
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assign no label to the disk.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWf\fR\
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Specifies the size of the DOS file system to format. Only a certain
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number of predefined sizes are supported by this flag; for others use
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the -h/-t/-s flags. The following sizes are supported:
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.RS
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.TP
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160\
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160K, single-sided, 8 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
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.TP
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180\
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160K, single-sided, 9 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
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.TP
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320\
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320K, double-sided, 8 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
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.TP
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360\
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360K, double-sided, 9 sectors per track, 40 cylinders (for 5 1/4 DD)
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.TP
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720\
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720K, double-sided, 9 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 DD)
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.TP
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1200\
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1200K, double-sided, 15 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 5 1/4 HD)
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.TP
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1440\
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1440K, double-sided, 18 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 HD)
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.TP
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2880\
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2880K, double-sided, 36 sectors per track, 80 cylinders (for 3 1/2 ED)
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.RE
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWt\fR\
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Specifies the number of tracks on the disk.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWT\fR\
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Specifies the number of total sectors on the disk. Only one of these 2
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options may be specified (tracks or total sectors)
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWh\fR\
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The number of heads (sides).
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWs\fR\
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Specifies the number of sectors per track. If the 2m option is given,
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number of 512-byte sector equivalents on generic tracks (i.e. not head 0
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track 0). If the 2m option is not given, number of physical sectors per
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track (which may be bigger than 512 bytes).
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW1\fR\
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Formats a single side (equivalent to -h 1)
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW4\fR\
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Formats a 360K double-sided disk (equivalent to -f 360). When used
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together with -the 1 switch, this switch formats a 180K disk
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW8\fR\
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Formats a disk with 8 sectors per track.
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.PP
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MS-DOS format's \fR\&\f(CWq\fR, \fR\&\f(CWu\fR and \fR\&\f(CWb\fR options are not
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supported, and \fR\&\f(CWs\fR has a different meaning.
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.PP
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The following options are specific to mtools:
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.IP
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWF\fR\
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Format the partition as FAT32.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWS\fR\
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The size code. The size of the sector is 2 ^ (sizecode + 7).
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWX\fR\
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formats the disk as an XDF disk. See section XDF, for more details. The disk
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has first to be low-level formatted using the xdfcopy utility included
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in the fdutils package. XDF disks are used for instance for OS/2 install
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disks.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW2\fR\
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2m format. The parameter to this option describes the number of
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sectors on track 0, head 0. This option is recommended for sectors
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bigger than normal.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW3\fR\
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don't use a 2m format, even if the current geometry of the disk is a 2m
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geometry.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CW0\fR\
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Data transfer rate on track 0
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWA\fR\
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Data transfer rate on tracks other than 0
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWM\fR\
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software sector size. This parameter describes the sector size in bytes used
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by the MS-DOS file system. By default it is the physical sector size.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWN\fR\
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Uses the requested serial number, instead of generating one
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automatically
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWa\fR\
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If this option is given, an Atari style serial number is generated.
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Ataris store their serial number in the OEM label.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWC\fR\
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creates the disk image file to install the MS-DOS file system on
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it. Obviously, this is useless on physical devices such as floppies
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and hard disk partitions, but is interesting for image files.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWH\fR\
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number of hidden sectors. This parameter is useful for formatting hard
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disk partition, which are not aligned on track boundaries (i.e. first
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head of first track doesn't belong to the partition, but contains a
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partition table). In that case the number of hidden sectors is in
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general the number of sectors per cylinder. This is untested.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWI\fR\
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Sets the fsVersion id when formatting a FAT32 drive. In order to find
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this out, run minfo on an existing FAT32 drive, and mail me about it, so
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I can include the correct value in future versions of mtools.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWc\fR\
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Sets the size of a cluster (in sectors). If this cluster size would
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generate a FAT that too big for its number of bits, mtools automatically
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increases the cluster size, until the FAT is small enough. If no
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cluster size is specified explicitly, mtools uses a default value as
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described in section ``Number of sectors per cluster'' below.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWd\fR\
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Sets the number of FAT copies. Default is 2. This setting can also be
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specified using the \fR\&\f(CWMTOOLS_NFATS\fR environment variable.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWr\fR\
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Sets the size of the root directory (in sectors). Only applicable to 12
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and 16 bit FATs. This setting can also be specified using the
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\&\fR\&\f(CWMTOOLS_DIR_LEN\fR environment variable.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWL\fR\
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Sets the length of the FAT.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWB\fR\
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Use the boot sector stored in the given file or device, instead of using
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its own. Only the geometry fields are updated to match the target disks
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parameters.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWk\fR\
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Keep the existing boot sector as much as possible. Only the geometry
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fields and other similar file system data are updated to match the target
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disks parameters.
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWK\fR\
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Sets the sector number where the backup of the boot sector should be
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stored (only relevant on FAT32).
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWR\fR\
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Sets the number of reserved sectors for this filesystem. This must be
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at least 1 for non-FAT32 disks, and at least 3 for FAT disks (in order
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to accommodate the boot sector, the info sector and the backup boot
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sector).
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.TP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWm\fR\
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Use a non-standard media descriptor byte for this disk. The media
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descriptor is stored at position 21 of the boot sector, and as first
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byte in each FAT copy. Using this option may confuse DOS or older mtools
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version, and may make the disk unreadable. Only use if you know what you
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are doing.
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.PP
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To format a diskette at a density other than the default, you must supply
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(at least) those command line parameters that are different from the
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default.
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.PP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWMformat\fR returns 0 on success or 1 on failure.
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.PP
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It doesn't record bad block information to the Fat, use
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\&\fR\&\f(CWmbadblocks\fR for that.
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.PP
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.SH Number\ of\ sectors\ per\ cluster
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.PP
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If the user indicates no cluster size, mformat figures out a default
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value for it.
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.PP
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For FAT32 it uses the following table to determine the number of
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sectors per cluster, depending on the total number of sectors on the
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filesystem.
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.PP
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more than 32*1024*1024*2: 64 sectors
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.br
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between 16*1024*1024*2 and 32*1024*1024*2: 32 sectors
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.br
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between 8*1024*1024*2 and 16*1024*1024*2: 16 sectors
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.br
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between 260*1024*2 and 81024*1024*2: 1 sectors
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.br
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.PP
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This is derived from information on page 20 of Microsoft's
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\&\fR\&\f(CWfatgen103\fR document, which currently can be found at the
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following address:
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.PP
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\&\fR\&\f(CWhttps://staff.washington.edu/dittrich/misc/fatgen103.pdf\fR
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.PP
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For FAT12 and FAT16, mformat uses an iterative approach, where it
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starts with a set value, which it doubles until it is able to fill up
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the disk using that cluster size and a number of cluster less than the
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maximum allowed.
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.PP
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The starting value is 1 for disks with one head or less than 2000
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sectors, and 2 for disks with more than one head, and more than 2000
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sectors.
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.PP
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The number of sectors per cluster cannot go beyond 128.
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.PP
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.SH See\ Also
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Mtools' texinfo doc
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.SH Viewing\ the\ texi\ doc
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This manpage has been automatically generated from mtools's texinfo
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documentation. However, this process is only approximative, and some
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items, such as crossreferences, footnotes and indices are lost in this
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translation process. Indeed, these items have no appropriate
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representation in the manpage format. Moreover, not all information has
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been translated into the manpage version. Thus I strongly advise you to
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use the original texinfo doc. See the end of this manpage for
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instructions how to view the texinfo doc.
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.TP
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* \ \
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To generate a printable copy from the texinfo doc, run the following
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commands:
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.nf
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.ft 3
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.in +0.3i
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./configure; make dvi; dvips mtools.dvi
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.fi
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.in -0.3i
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.ft R
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.PP
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\&\fR
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.TP
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* \ \
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To generate a html copy, run:
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.nf
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.ft 3
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.in +0.3i
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./configure; make html
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.fi
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.in -0.3i
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.ft R
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.PP
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\&\fRA premade html can be found at
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\&\fR\&\f(CW\(ifhttp://www.gnu.org/software/mtools/manual/mtools.html\(is\fR
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.TP
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* \ \
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To generate an info copy (browsable using emacs' info mode), run:
|
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.nf
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.ft 3
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.in +0.3i
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./configure; make info
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.fi
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.in -0.3i
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.ft R
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.PP
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\&\fR
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.PP
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The texinfo doc looks most pretty when printed or as html. Indeed, in
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the info version certain examples are difficult to read due to the
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quoting conventions used in info.
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.PP
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