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306 lines
10 KiB
306 lines
10 KiB
:mod:`BaseHTTPServer` --- Basic HTTP server
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===========================================
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.. module:: BaseHTTPServer
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:synopsis: Basic HTTP server (base class for SimpleHTTPServer and CGIHTTPServer).
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.. note::
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The :mod:`BaseHTTPServer` module has been merged into :mod:`http.server` in
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Python 3. The :term:`2to3` tool will automatically adapt imports when
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converting your sources to Python 3.
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.. index::
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pair: WWW; server
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pair: HTTP; protocol
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single: URL
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single: httpd
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module: SimpleHTTPServer
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module: CGIHTTPServer
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/BaseHTTPServer.py`
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--------------
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This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers (Web servers).
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Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used as a basis for building
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functioning Web servers. See the :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer` and
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:mod:`CGIHTTPServer` modules.
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The first class, :class:`HTTPServer`, is a :class:`SocketServer.TCPServer`
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subclass, and therefore implements the :class:`SocketServer.BaseServer`
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interface. It creates and listens at the HTTP socket, dispatching the requests
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to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like this::
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def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
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handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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server_address = ('', 8000)
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httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
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httpd.serve_forever()
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.. class:: HTTPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
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This class builds on the :class:`TCPServer` class by storing the server
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address as instance variables named :attr:`server_name` and
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:attr:`server_port`. The server is accessible by the handler, typically
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through the handler's :attr:`server` instance variable.
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.. class:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler(request, client_address, server)
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This class is used to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By
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itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed
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to handle each request method (e.g. GET or
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POST). :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` provides a number of class and
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instance variables, and methods for use by subclasses.
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The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method
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specific to the request type. The method name is constructed from the
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request. For example, for the request method ``SPAM``, the :meth:`do_SPAM`
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method will be called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is
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stored in instance variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to
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override or extend the :meth:`__init__` method.
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:class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables:
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.. attribute:: client_address
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Contains a tuple of the form ``(host, port)`` referring to the client's
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address.
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.. attribute:: server
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Contains the server instance.
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.. attribute:: command
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Contains the command (request type). For example, ``'GET'``.
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.. attribute:: path
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Contains the request path.
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.. attribute:: request_version
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Contains the version string from the request. For example, ``'HTTP/1.0'``.
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.. attribute:: headers
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Holds an instance of the class specified by the :attr:`MessageClass` class
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variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP
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request.
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.. attribute:: rfile
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Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input
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data.
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.. attribute:: wfile
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Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the
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client. Proper adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to
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this stream.
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:class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables:
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.. attribute:: server_version
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Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The
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format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of
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the form name[/version]. For example, ``'BaseHTTP/0.2'``.
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.. attribute:: sys_version
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Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the
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:attr:`version_string` method and the :attr:`server_version` class
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variable. For example, ``'Python/1.4'``.
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.. attribute:: error_message_format
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Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It
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uses parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be
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a dictionary. The *code* key should be an integer, specifying the numeric
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HTTP error code value. *message* should be a string containing a
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(detailed) error message of what occurred, and *explain* should be an
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explanation of the error code number. Default *message* and *explain*
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values can found in the *responses* class variable.
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.. attribute:: error_content_type
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Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the
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client. The default value is ``'text/html'``.
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.. versionadded:: 2.6
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Previously, the content type was always ``'text/html'``.
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.. attribute:: protocol_version
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This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to
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``'HTTP/1.1'``, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections;
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however, your server *must* then include an accurate ``Content-Length``
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header (using :meth:`send_header`) in all of its responses to clients.
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For backwards compatibility, the setting defaults to ``'HTTP/1.0'``.
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.. attribute:: MessageClass
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.. index:: single: Message (in module mimetools)
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Specifies a :class:`rfc822.Message`\ -like class to parse HTTP headers.
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Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to
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:class:`mimetools.Message`.
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.. attribute:: responses
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This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples
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containing a short and long message. For example, ``{code: (shortmessage,
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longmessage)}``. The *shortmessage* is usually used as the *message* key in an
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error response, and *longmessage* as the *explain* key (see the
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:attr:`error_message_format` class variable).
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A :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods:
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.. method:: handle()
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Calls :meth:`handle_one_request` once (or, if persistent connections are
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enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should
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never need to override it; instead, implement appropriate :meth:`do_\*`
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methods.
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.. method:: handle_one_request()
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This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate
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:meth:`do_\*` method. You should never need to override it.
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.. method:: send_error(code[, message])
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Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric *code*
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specifies the HTTP error code, with *message* as optional, more specific text. A
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complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the
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:attr:`error_message_format` class variable. The body will be empty
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if the method is HEAD or the response code is one of the following:
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``1xx``, ``204 No Content``, ``205 Reset Content``,
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``304 Not Modified``.
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.. method:: send_response(code[, message])
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Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response
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line is sent, followed by *Server* and *Date* headers. The values for
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these two headers are picked up from the :meth:`version_string` and
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:meth:`date_time_string` methods, respectively.
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.. method:: send_header(keyword, value)
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Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. *keyword* should
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specify the header keyword, with *value* specifying its value.
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.. method:: end_headers()
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Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the
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response.
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.. method:: log_request([code[, size]])
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Logs an accepted (successful) request. *code* should specify the numeric
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HTTP code associated with the response. If a size of the response is
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available, then it should be passed as the *size* parameter.
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.. method:: log_error(...)
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Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes
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the message to :meth:`log_message`, so it takes the same arguments
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(*format* and additional values).
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.. method:: log_message(format, ...)
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Logs an arbitrary message to ``sys.stderr``. This is typically overridden
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to create custom error logging mechanisms. The *format* argument is a
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standard printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to
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:meth:`log_message` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client
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ip address and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged.
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.. method:: version_string()
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Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination of the
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:attr:`server_version` and :attr:`sys_version` class variables.
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.. method:: date_time_string([timestamp])
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Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be in the
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format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If
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*timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time.
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The result looks like ``'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'``.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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The *timestamp* parameter.
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.. method:: log_date_time_string()
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Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging.
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.. method:: address_string()
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Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is
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performed on the client's IP address.
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More examples
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-------------
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To create a server that doesn't run forever, but until some condition is
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fulfilled::
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def run_while_true(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
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handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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"""
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This assumes that keep_running() is a function of no arguments which
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is tested initially and after each request. If its return value
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is true, the server continues.
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"""
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server_address = ('', 8000)
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httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
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while keep_running():
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httpd.handle_request()
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.. seealso::
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Module :mod:`CGIHTTPServer`
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Extended request handler that supports CGI scripts.
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Module :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer`
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Basic request handler that limits response to files actually under the
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document root.
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