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341 lines
11 KiB
341 lines
11 KiB
:mod:`calendar` --- General calendar-related functions
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======================================================
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.. module:: calendar
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:synopsis: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal
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program.
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.. sectionauthor:: Drew Csillag <drew_csillag@geocities.com>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/calendar.py`
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--------------
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This module allows you to output calendars like the Unix :program:`cal` program,
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and provides additional useful functions related to the calendar. By default,
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these calendars have Monday as the first day of the week, and Sunday as the last
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(the European convention). Use :func:`setfirstweekday` to set the first day of
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the week to Sunday (6) or to any other weekday. Parameters that specify dates
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are given as integers. For related
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functionality, see also the :mod:`datetime` and :mod:`time` modules.
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Most of these functions and classes rely on the :mod:`datetime` module which
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uses an idealized calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended
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in both directions. This matches the definition of the "proleptic Gregorian"
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calendar in Dershowitz and Reingold's book "Calendrical Calculations", where
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it's the base calendar for all computations.
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.. class:: Calendar([firstweekday])
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Creates a :class:`Calendar` object. *firstweekday* is an integer specifying the
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first day of the week. ``0`` is Monday (the default), ``6`` is Sunday.
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A :class:`Calendar` object provides several methods that can be used for
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preparing the calendar data for formatting. This class doesn't do any formatting
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itself. This is the job of subclasses.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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:class:`Calendar` instances have the following methods:
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.. method:: iterweekdays()
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Return an iterator for the week day numbers that will be used for one
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week. The first value from the iterator will be the same as the value of
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the :attr:`firstweekday` property.
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.. method:: itermonthdates(year, month)
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Return an iterator for the month *month* (1--12) in the year *year*. This
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iterator will return all days (as :class:`datetime.date` objects) for the
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month and all days before the start of the month or after the end of the
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month that are required to get a complete week.
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.. method:: itermonthdays2(year, month)
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Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to
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:meth:`itermonthdates`. Days returned will be tuples consisting of a day
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number and a week day number.
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.. method:: itermonthdays(year, month)
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Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to
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:meth:`itermonthdates`. Days returned will simply be day numbers.
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.. method:: monthdatescalendar(year, month)
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Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full
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weeks. Weeks are lists of seven :class:`datetime.date` objects.
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.. method:: monthdays2calendar(year, month)
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Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full
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weeks. Weeks are lists of seven tuples of day numbers and weekday
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numbers.
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.. method:: monthdayscalendar(year, month)
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Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full
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weeks. Weeks are lists of seven day numbers.
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.. method:: yeardatescalendar(year[, width])
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Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting. The return
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value is a list of month rows. Each month row contains up to *width*
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months (defaulting to 3). Each month contains between 4 and 6 weeks and
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each week contains 1--7 days. Days are :class:`datetime.date` objects.
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.. method:: yeardays2calendar(year[, width])
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Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to
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:meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are tuples of day
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numbers and weekday numbers. Day numbers outside this month are zero.
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.. method:: yeardayscalendar(year[, width])
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Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to
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:meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are day numbers. Day
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numbers outside this month are zero.
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.. class:: TextCalendar([firstweekday])
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This class can be used to generate plain text calendars.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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:class:`TextCalendar` instances have the following methods:
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.. method:: formatmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]])
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Return a month's calendar in a multi-line string. If *w* is provided, it
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specifies the width of the date columns, which are centered. If *l* is
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given, it specifies the number of lines that each week will use. Depends
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on the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the
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:meth:`setfirstweekday` method.
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.. method:: prmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]])
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Print a month's calendar as returned by :meth:`formatmonth`.
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.. method:: formatyear(theyear[, w[, l[, c[, m]]]])
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Return a *m*-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string.
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Optional parameters *w*, *l*, and *c* are for date column width, lines per
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week, and number of spaces between month columns, respectively. Depends on
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the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the
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:meth:`setfirstweekday` method. The earliest year for which a calendar
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can be generated is platform-dependent.
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.. method:: pryear(theyear[, w[, l[, c[, m]]]])
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Print the calendar for an entire year as returned by :meth:`formatyear`.
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.. class:: HTMLCalendar([firstweekday])
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This class can be used to generate HTML calendars.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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:class:`HTMLCalendar` instances have the following methods:
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.. method:: formatmonth(theyear, themonth[, withyear])
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Return a month's calendar as an HTML table. If *withyear* is true the year
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will be included in the header, otherwise just the month name will be
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used.
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.. method:: formatyear(theyear[, width])
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Return a year's calendar as an HTML table. *width* (defaulting to 3)
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specifies the number of months per row.
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.. method:: formatyearpage(theyear[, width[, css[, encoding]]])
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Return a year's calendar as a complete HTML page. *width* (defaulting to
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3) specifies the number of months per row. *css* is the name for the
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cascading style sheet to be used. :const:`None` can be passed if no style
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sheet should be used. *encoding* specifies the encoding to be used for the
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output (defaulting to the system default encoding).
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.. class:: LocaleTextCalendar([firstweekday[, locale]])
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This subclass of :class:`TextCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the
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constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified locale.
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If this locale includes an encoding all strings containing month and weekday
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names will be returned as unicode.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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.. class:: LocaleHTMLCalendar([firstweekday[, locale]])
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This subclass of :class:`HTMLCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the
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constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified
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locale. If this locale includes an encoding all strings containing month and
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weekday names will be returned as unicode.
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.. versionadded:: 2.5
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.. note::
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The :meth:`formatweekday` and :meth:`formatmonthname` methods of these two
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classes temporarily change the current locale to the given *locale*. Because
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the current locale is a process-wide setting, they are not thread-safe.
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For simple text calendars this module provides the following functions.
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.. function:: setfirstweekday(weekday)
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Sets the weekday (``0`` is Monday, ``6`` is Sunday) to start each week. The
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values :const:`MONDAY`, :const:`TUESDAY`, :const:`WEDNESDAY`, :const:`THURSDAY`,
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:const:`FRIDAY`, :const:`SATURDAY`, and :const:`SUNDAY` are provided for
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convenience. For example, to set the first weekday to Sunday::
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import calendar
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calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY)
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.. versionadded:: 2.0
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.. function:: firstweekday()
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Returns the current setting for the weekday to start each week.
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.. versionadded:: 2.0
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.. function:: isleap(year)
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Returns :const:`True` if *year* is a leap year, otherwise :const:`False`.
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.. function:: leapdays(y1, y2)
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Returns the number of leap years in the range from *y1* to *y2* (exclusive),
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where *y1* and *y2* are years.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.0
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This function didn't work for ranges spanning a century change in Python
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1.5.2.
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.. function:: weekday(year, month, day)
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Returns the day of the week (``0`` is Monday) for *year* (``1970``--...),
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*month* (``1``--``12``), *day* (``1``--``31``).
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.. function:: weekheader(n)
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Return a header containing abbreviated weekday names. *n* specifies the width in
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characters for one weekday.
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.. function:: monthrange(year, month)
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Returns weekday of first day of the month and number of days in month, for the
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specified *year* and *month*.
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.. function:: monthcalendar(year, month)
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Returns a matrix representing a month's calendar. Each row represents a week;
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days outside of the month a represented by zeros. Each week begins with Monday
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unless set by :func:`setfirstweekday`.
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.. function:: prmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]])
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Prints a month's calendar as returned by :func:`month`.
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.. function:: month(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]])
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Returns a month's calendar in a multi-line string using the :meth:`formatmonth`
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of the :class:`TextCalendar` class.
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.. versionadded:: 2.0
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.. function:: prcal(year[, w[, l[c]]])
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Prints the calendar for an entire year as returned by :func:`calendar`.
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.. function:: calendar(year[, w[, l[c]]])
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Returns a 3-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string using the
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:meth:`formatyear` of the :class:`TextCalendar` class.
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.. versionadded:: 2.0
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.. function:: timegm(tuple)
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An unrelated but handy function that takes a time tuple such as returned by
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the :func:`~time.gmtime` function in the :mod:`time` module, and returns the
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corresponding Unix timestamp value, assuming an epoch of 1970, and the POSIX
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encoding. In fact, :func:`time.gmtime` and :func:`timegm` are each others'
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inverse.
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.. versionadded:: 2.0
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The :mod:`calendar` module exports the following data attributes:
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.. data:: day_name
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An array that represents the days of the week in the current locale.
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.. data:: day_abbr
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An array that represents the abbreviated days of the week in the current locale.
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.. data:: month_name
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An array that represents the months of the year in the current locale. This
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follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it has a length of
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13 and ``month_name[0]`` is the empty string.
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.. data:: month_abbr
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An array that represents the abbreviated months of the year in the current
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locale. This follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it
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has a length of 13 and ``month_abbr[0]`` is the empty string.
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.. seealso::
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Module :mod:`datetime`
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Object-oriented interface to dates and times with similar functionality to the
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:mod:`time` module.
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Module :mod:`time`
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Low-level time related functions.
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