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196 lines
5.2 KiB
196 lines
5.2 KiB
:mod:`filecmp` --- File and Directory Comparisons
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=================================================
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.. module:: filecmp
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:synopsis: Compare files efficiently.
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.. sectionauthor:: Moshe Zadka <moshez@zadka.site.co.il>
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/filecmp.py`
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--------------
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The :mod:`filecmp` module defines functions to compare files and directories,
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with various optional time/correctness trade-offs. For comparing files,
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see also the :mod:`difflib` module.
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The :mod:`filecmp` module defines the following functions:
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.. function:: cmp(f1, f2[, shallow])
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Compare the files named *f1* and *f2*, returning ``True`` if they seem equal,
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``False`` otherwise.
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Unless *shallow* is given and is false, files with identical :func:`os.stat`
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signatures are taken to be equal.
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Files that were compared using this function will not be compared again unless
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their :func:`os.stat` signature changes.
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Note that no external programs are called from this function, giving it
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portability and efficiency.
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.. function:: cmpfiles(dir1, dir2, common[, shallow])
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Compare the files in the two directories *dir1* and *dir2* whose names are
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given by *common*.
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Returns three lists of file names: *match*, *mismatch*,
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*errors*. *match* contains the list of files that match, *mismatch* contains
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the names of those that don't, and *errors* lists the names of files which
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could not be compared. Files are listed in *errors* if they don't exist in
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one of the directories, the user lacks permission to read them or if the
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comparison could not be done for some other reason.
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The *shallow* parameter has the same meaning and default value as for
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:func:`filecmp.cmp`.
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For example, ``cmpfiles('a', 'b', ['c', 'd/e'])`` will compare ``a/c`` with
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``b/c`` and ``a/d/e`` with ``b/d/e``. ``'c'`` and ``'d/e'`` will each be in
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one of the three returned lists.
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Example::
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>>> import filecmp
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>>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'undoc.rst') # doctest: +SKIP
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True
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>>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'index.rst') # doctest: +SKIP
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False
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.. _dircmp-objects:
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The :class:`dircmp` class
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-------------------------
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:class:`dircmp` instances are built using this constructor:
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.. class:: dircmp(a, b[, ignore[, hide]])
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Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories *a* and
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*b*. *ignore* is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to ``['RCS', 'CVS',
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'tags']``. *hide* is a list of names to hide, and defaults to ``[os.curdir,
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os.pardir]``.
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The :class:`dircmp` class compares files by doing *shallow* comparisons
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as described for :func:`filecmp.cmp`.
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The :class:`dircmp` class provides the following methods:
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.. method:: report()
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Print (to ``sys.stdout``) a comparison between *a* and *b*.
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.. method:: report_partial_closure()
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Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common immediate
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subdirectories.
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.. method:: report_full_closure()
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Print a comparison between *a* and *b* and common subdirectories
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(recursively).
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The :class:`dircmp` class offers a number of interesting attributes that may be
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used to get various bits of information about the directory trees being
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compared.
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Note that via :meth:`__getattr__` hooks, all attributes are computed lazily,
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so there is no speed penalty if only those attributes which are lightweight
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to compute are used.
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.. attribute:: left
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The directory *a*.
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.. attribute:: right
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The directory *b*.
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.. attribute:: left_list
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Files and subdirectories in *a*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*.
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.. attribute:: right_list
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Files and subdirectories in *b*, filtered by *hide* and *ignore*.
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.. attribute:: common
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Files and subdirectories in both *a* and *b*.
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.. attribute:: left_only
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Files and subdirectories only in *a*.
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.. attribute:: right_only
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Files and subdirectories only in *b*.
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.. attribute:: common_dirs
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Subdirectories in both *a* and *b*.
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.. attribute:: common_files
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Files in both *a* and *b*
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.. attribute:: common_funny
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Names in both *a* and *b*, such that the type differs between the
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directories, or names for which :func:`os.stat` reports an error.
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.. attribute:: same_files
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Files which are identical in both *a* and *b*, using the class's
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file comparison operator.
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.. attribute:: diff_files
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Files which are in both *a* and *b*, whose contents differ according
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to the class's file comparison operator.
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.. attribute:: funny_files
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Files which are in both *a* and *b*, but could not be compared.
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.. attribute:: subdirs
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A dictionary mapping names in :attr:`common_dirs` to :class:`dircmp` objects.
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Here is a simplified example of using the ``subdirs`` attribute to search
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recursively through two directories to show common different files::
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>>> from filecmp import dircmp
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>>> def print_diff_files(dcmp):
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... for name in dcmp.diff_files:
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... print "diff_file %s found in %s and %s" % (name, dcmp.left,
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... dcmp.right)
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... for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():
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... print_diff_files(sub_dcmp)
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...
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>>> dcmp = dircmp('dir1', 'dir2') # doctest: +SKIP
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>>> print_diff_files(dcmp) # doctest: +SKIP
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