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77 lines
2.7 KiB
77 lines
2.7 KiB
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:mod:`pwd` --- The password database
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====================================
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.. module:: pwd
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:platform: Unix
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:synopsis: The password database (getpwnam() and friends).
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This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It
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is available on all Unix versions.
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Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
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correspond to the members of the ``passwd`` structure (Attribute field below,
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see ``<pwd.h>``):
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| Index | Attribute | Meaning |
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+=======+===============+=============================+
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| 0 | ``pw_name`` | Login name |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 1 | ``pw_passwd`` | Optional encrypted password |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 2 | ``pw_uid`` | Numerical user ID |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 3 | ``pw_gid`` | Numerical group ID |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 4 | ``pw_gecos`` | User name or comment field |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 5 | ``pw_dir`` | User home directory |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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| 6 | ``pw_shell`` | User command interpreter |
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+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
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The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings. :exc:`KeyError` is
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raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.
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.. note::
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.. index:: module: crypt
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In traditional Unix the field ``pw_passwd`` usually contains a password
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encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module :mod:`crypt`). However most
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modern unices use a so-called *shadow password* system. On those unices the
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*pw_passwd* field only contains an asterisk (``'*'``) or the letter ``'x'``
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where the encrypted password is stored in a file :file:`/etc/shadow` which is
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not world readable. Whether the *pw_passwd* field contains anything useful is
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system-dependent. If available, the :mod:`spwd` module should be used where
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access to the encrypted password is required.
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It defines the following items:
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.. function:: getpwuid(uid)
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Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.
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.. function:: getpwnam(name)
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Return the password database entry for the given user name.
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.. function:: getpwall()
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Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.
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.. seealso::
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Module :mod:`grp`
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An interface to the group database, similar to this.
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Module :mod:`spwd`
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An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.
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