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253 lines
11 KiB
253 lines
11 KiB
Building Python using VC++ 9.0
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------------------------------
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This directory is used to build Python for Win32 and x64 platforms, e.g.
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Windows 2000, XP, Vista and Windows Server 2008. In order to build 32-bit
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debug and release executables, Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition is
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required at the very least. In order to build 64-bit debug and release
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executables, Visual Studio 2008 Standard Edition is required at the very
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least. In order to build all of the above, as well as generate release builds
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that make use of Profile Guided Optimisation (PG0), Visual Studio 2008
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Professional Edition is required at the very least. The official Python
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releases are built with this version of Visual Studio.
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For other Windows platforms and compilers, see PC/readme.txt.
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All you need to do is open the workspace "pcbuild.sln" in Visual Studio,
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select the desired combination of configuration and platform and eventually
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build the solution. Unless you are going to debug a problem in the core or
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you are going to create an optimized build you want to select "Release" as
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configuration.
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The PCbuild directory is compatible with all versions of Visual Studio from
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VS C++ Express Edition over the standard edition up to the professional
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edition. However the express edition does not support features like solution
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folders or profile guided optimization (PGO). The missing bits and pieces
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won't stop you from building Python.
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The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct order. "Build
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Solution" or F7 takes care of dependencies except for x64 builds. To make
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cross compiling x64 builds on a 32bit OS possible the x64 builds require a
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32bit version of Python.
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NOTE:
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You probably don't want to build most of the other subprojects, unless
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you're building an entire Python distribution from scratch, or
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specifically making changes to the subsystems they implement, or are
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running a Python core buildbot test slave; see SUBPROJECTS below)
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When using the Debug setting, the output files have a _d added to
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their name: python27_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both
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the build and rt batch files accept a -d option for debug builds.
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The 32bit builds end up in the solution folder PCbuild while the x64 builds
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land in the amd64 subfolder. The PGI and PGO builds for profile guided
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optimization end up in their own folders, too.
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Legacy support
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--------------
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You can find build directories for older versions of Visual Studio and
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Visual C++ in the PC directory. The legacy build directories are no longer
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actively maintained and may not work out of the box.
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PC/VC6/
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Visual C++ 6.0
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PC/VS7.1/
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Visual Studio 2003 (7.1)
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PC/VS8.0/
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Visual Studio 2005 (8.0)
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C RUNTIME
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---------
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Visual Studio 2008 uses version 9 of the C runtime (MSVCRT9). The executables
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are linked to a CRT "side by side" assembly which must be present on the target
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machine. This is available under the VC/Redist folder of your visual studio
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distribution. On XP and later operating systems that support
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side-by-side assemblies it is not enough to have the msvcrt90.dll present,
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it has to be there as a whole assembly, that is, a folder with the .dll
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and a .manifest. Also, a check is made for the correct version.
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Therefore, one should distribute this assembly with the dlls, and keep
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it in the same directory. For compatibility with older systems, one should
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also set the PATH to this directory so that the dll can be found.
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For more info, see the Readme in the VC/Redist folder.
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SUBPROJECTS
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-----------
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These subprojects should build out of the box. Subprojects other than the
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main ones (pythoncore, python, pythonw) generally build a DLL (renamed to
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.pyd) from a specific module so that users don't have to load the code
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supporting that module unless they import the module.
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pythoncore
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.dll and .lib
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python
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.exe
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pythonw
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pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't pop up a DOS box
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_socket
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socketmodule.c
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_testcapi
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tests of the Python C API, run via Lib/test/test_capi.py, and
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implemented by module Modules/_testcapimodule.c
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pyexpat
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Python wrapper for accelerated XML parsing, which incorporates stable
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code from the Expat project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/
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select
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selectmodule.c
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unicodedata
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large tables of Unicode data
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winsound
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play sounds (typically .wav files) under Windows
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Python-controlled subprojects that wrap external projects:
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_bsddb
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Wraps Berkeley DB 4.7.25, which is currently built by _bsddb.vcproj.
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project.
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_sqlite3
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Wraps SQLite 3.8.11.0, which is currently built by sqlite3.vcproj.
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_tkinter
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Wraps the Tk windowing system. Unlike _bsddb and _sqlite3, there's no
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corresponding tcltk.vcproj-type project that builds Tcl/Tk from vcproj's
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within our pcbuild.sln, which means this module expects to find a
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pre-built Tcl/Tk in either ..\externals\tcltk for 32-bit or
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..\externals\tcltk64 for 64-bit (relative to this directory). See below
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for instructions to build Tcl/Tk.
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bz2
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Python wrapper for the libbz2 compression library. Homepage
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http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/
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Download the source from the python.org copy into the dist
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directory:
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svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/bzip2-1.0.6
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** NOTE: if you use the PCbuild\get_externals.bat approach for
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obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source
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above via subversion. **
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_ssl
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Python wrapper for the secure sockets library.
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Get the source code through
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svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/openssl-1.0.2o
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** NOTE: if you use the PCbuild\get_externals.bat approach for
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obtaining external sources then you don't need to manually get the source
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above via subversion. **
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The NASM assembler is required to build OpenSSL. If you use the
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PCbuild\get_externals.bat script to get external library sources, it also
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downloads a version of NASM, which the ssl build script will add to PATH.
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Otherwise, you can download the NASM installer from
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http://www.nasm.us/
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and add NASM to your PATH.
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You will also need ActivePerl from
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http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/
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in order to create the necessary makefiles and .asm files for building
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OpenSSL.
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The build process makes sure that no patented algorithms are included.
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For now RC5, MDC2 and IDEA are excluded from the build. You may have
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to manually remove $(OBJ_D)\i_*.obj from ms\nt.mak if the build process
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complains about missing files or forbidden IDEA. Again the files provided
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in the subversion repository are already fixed.
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The MSVC project simply invokes PCBuild/build_ssl.py to perform
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the build. This Python script locates and builds your OpenSSL
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installation, then invokes a simple makefile to build the final .pyd.
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build_ssl.py attempts to catch the most common errors (such as not
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being able to find OpenSSL sources, or not being able to find a Perl
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that works with OpenSSL) and give a reasonable error message.
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If you have a problem that doesn't seem to be handled correctly
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(eg, you know you have ActivePerl but we can't find it), please take
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a peek at build_ssl.py and suggest patches. Note that build_ssl.py
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should be able to be run directly from the command-line.
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build_ssl.py/MSVC isn't clever enough to clean OpenSSL - you must do
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this by hand.
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The subprojects above wrap external projects Python doesn't control, and as
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such, a little more work is required in order to download the relevant source
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files for each project before they can be built. The easiest way to do this
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is to use the `build.bat` script in this directory to build Python, and pass
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the '-e' switch to tell it to use get_externals.bat to fetch external sources
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and build Tcl/Tk and Tix. To use get_externals.bat, you'll need to have
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Subversion installed and svn.exe on your PATH. The script will fetch external
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library sources from http://svn.python.org/external and place them in
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..\externals (relative to this directory).
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Building for Itanium
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--------------------
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Official support for Itanium builds have been dropped from the build. Please
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contact us and provide patches if you are interested in Itanium builds.
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Building for AMD64
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------------------
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The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds. You just
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have to set x64 as platform. In addition, the HOST_PYTHON environment variable
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must point to a Python interpreter (at least 2.4), to support cross-compilation.
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Building Python Using the free MS Toolkit Compiler
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--------------------------------------------------
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Microsoft has withdrawn the free MS Toolkit Compiler, so this can no longer
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be considered a supported option. Instead you can use the free VS C++ Express
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Edition.
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Profile Guided Optimization
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---------------------------
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The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument
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configuration must be build first. The PGInstrument binaries are
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linked against a profiling library and contain extra debug
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information. The PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and
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generates optimized binaries.
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The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries. It
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creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the PGI
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python and finally creates the optimized files.
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http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.90).aspx
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Static library
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--------------
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The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is easy
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it build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set the
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"Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the preprocessor
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macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may also have to
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change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)" to
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"Multi-threaded (/MT)".
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Visual Studio properties
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------------------------
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The PCbuild solution makes heavy use of Visual Studio property files
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(*.vsprops). The properties can be viewed and altered in the Property
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Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager).
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* debug (debug macro: _DEBUG)
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* pginstrument (PGO)
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* pgupdate (PGO)
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+-- pginstrument
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* pyd (python extension, release build)
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+-- release
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+-- pyproject
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* pyd_d (python extension, debug build)
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+-- debug
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+-- pyproject
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* pyproject (base settings for all projects, user macros like PyDllName)
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* release (release macro: NDEBUG)
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* x64 (AMD64 / x64 platform specific settings)
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The pyproject propertyfile defines _WIN32 and x64 defines _WIN64 and _M_X64
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although the macros are set by the compiler, too. The GUI doesn't always know
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about the macros and confuse the user with false information.
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