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// Copyright 2019 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Collection of constants defined for multicast DNS (RFC 6762) and DNS-Based
// Service Discovery (RFC 6763), along with a few constants used specifically
// for cast receiver's implementation of the mDNS spec (not 100% conformant).
//
// Some cast-specific implementation details include the maximum multicast
// message size (synced with sender SDK) and usage of site-local MDNS group
// in addition to the default link-local MDNS multicast group.
#ifndef DISCOVERY_MDNS_PUBLIC_MDNS_CONSTANTS_H_
#define DISCOVERY_MDNS_PUBLIC_MDNS_CONSTANTS_H_
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <array>
#include <chrono>
#include "platform/api/time.h"
#include "platform/base/ip_address.h"
#include "util/osp_logging.h"
namespace openscreen {
namespace discovery {
// ============================================================================
// Networking
// ============================================================================
// RFC 6762: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6762.txt
// RFC 2365: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2365.txt
// RFC 5771: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5771.txt
// RFC 7346: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7346.txt
// Default multicast port used by mDNS protocol. On some systems there may be
// multiple processes binding to same port, so prefer to allow address re-use.
// See RFC 6762, Section 2
constexpr uint16_t kDefaultMulticastPort = 5353;
// IPv4 group address for sending mDNS messages, given as byte array in
// network-order. This is a link-local multicast address, so messages will not
// be forwarded outside local network. See RFC 6762, section 3.
constexpr IPAddress kDefaultMulticastGroupIPv4{224, 0, 0, 251};
// IPv6 group address for sending mDNS messages. This is a link-local
// multicast address, so messages will not be forwarded outside local network.
// See RFC 6762, section 3.
constexpr IPAddress kDefaultMulticastGroupIPv6{
0xFF02, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x00FB,
};
// The send address for multicast mDNS should be the any address (0.*) on the
// default mDNS multicast port.
constexpr IPEndpoint kMulticastSendIPv4Endpoint{kDefaultMulticastGroupIPv4,
kDefaultMulticastPort};
constexpr IPEndpoint kMulticastSendIPv6Endpoint{kDefaultMulticastGroupIPv6,
kDefaultMulticastPort};
// IPv4 group address for joining cast-specific site-local mDNS multicast group,
// given as byte array in network-order. This is a site-local multicast address,
// so messages can extend past the local network to the administrative area
// boundary. Local sockets will filter out messages that are not on local-
// subnet though, so it will behave the same as link-local. The difference is
// that router sometimes treat link-local and site-local differently, which
// may cause link-local to have worse reliability than site-local.
// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-cai-ssdp-v1-03
// 239.X.X.X is "administratively scoped IPv4 multicast space". See RFC 2365
// and RFC 5771, Section 3. Combined with relative address of 5 for SSDP this
// gives 239.255.255.250. See
// https://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses
// NOTE: For now the group address is the same group address used for SSDP
// discovery, albeit using the MDNS port rather than SSDP port.
constexpr IPAddress kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv4{239, 255, 255, 250};
constexpr IPEndpoint kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv4Endpoint{
kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv4, kDefaultMulticastPort};
// IPv6 group address for joining cast-specific site-local mDNS multicast group,
// give as byte array in network-order. See comments for IPv4 group address for
// more details on site-local vs. link-local.
// 0xFF05 is site-local. See RFC 7346.
// FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:0:C is variable scope multicast addresses for SSDP. See
// https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses
constexpr IPAddress kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv6{
0xFF05, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x000C,
};
constexpr IPEndpoint kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv6Endpoint{
kDefaultSiteLocalGroupIPv6, kDefaultMulticastPort};
// Maximum MTU size (1500) minus the UDP header size (8) and IP header size
// (20). If any packets are larger than this size, the responder or sender
// should break up the message into multiple packets and set the TC
// (Truncated) bit to 1. See RFC 6762, section 7.2.
// TODO(https://crbug.com/openscreen/47): Figure out the exact size that the
// senders are using and sync with them. We want to verify that we are using the
// same maximum packet size. The spec also suggests keeping all UDP messsages
// below 512 bytes, since that is where some fragmentation may occur. If
// possible we should measure the rate of fragmented messages and see if
// lowering the max size alleviates it.
constexpr size_t kMaxMulticastMessageSize = 1500 - 20 - 8;
// Specifies whether the site-local group described above should be enabled
// by default. When enabled, the responder will be able to receive messages from
// that group; when disabled, only the default MDNS multicast group will be
// enabled.
constexpr bool kDefaultSupportSiteLocalGroup = true;
// ============================================================================
// Message Header
// ============================================================================
// RFC 1035: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt
// RFC 2535: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2535.txt
// DNS packet consists of a fixed-size header (12 bytes) followed by
// zero or more questions and/or records.
// For the meaning of specific fields, please see RFC 1035 and 2535.
//
// Header format:
// 1 1 1 1 1 1
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | ID |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// |QR| Opcode |AA|TC|RD|RA| Z|AD|CD| RCODE |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | QDCOUNT |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | ANCOUNT |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | NSCOUNT |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | ARCOUNT |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// On-the-wire header. All uint16_t are in network order.
struct Header {
uint16_t id;
uint16_t flags;
uint16_t question_count;
uint16_t answer_count;
uint16_t authority_record_count;
uint16_t additional_record_count;
};
static_assert(sizeof(Header) == 12, "Size of mDNS header must be 12 bytes.");
enum class MessageType {
Query = 0,
Response = 1,
};
constexpr uint16_t kFlagResponse = 0x8000;
constexpr uint16_t kFlagAA = 0x0400;
constexpr uint16_t kFlagTC = 0x0200;
constexpr uint16_t kOpcodeMask = 0x7800;
constexpr uint16_t kRcodeMask = 0x000F;
constexpr MessageType GetMessageType(uint16_t flags) {
// RFC 6762 Section 18.2
return (flags & kFlagResponse) ? MessageType::Response : MessageType::Query;
}
constexpr bool IsMessageTruncated(uint16_t flags) {
return flags & kFlagTC;
}
constexpr uint16_t MakeFlags(MessageType type, bool is_truncated) {
// RFC 6762 Section 18.2 and Section 18.4
uint16_t flags =
(type == MessageType::Response) ? (kFlagResponse | kFlagAA) : 0;
if (is_truncated) {
flags |= kFlagTC;
}
return flags;
}
constexpr bool IsValidFlagsSection(uint16_t flags) {
// RFC 6762 Section 18.3 and Section 18.11
return (flags & (kOpcodeMask | kRcodeMask)) == 0;
}
// ============================================================================
// Domain Name
// ============================================================================
// RFC 1035: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt
// Maximum number of octets allowed in a single domain name including the
// terminating character octet
constexpr size_t kMaxDomainNameLength = 256;
// Maximum number of octets allowed in a single domain name label.
constexpr size_t kMaxLabelLength = 63;
// To allow for message compression, domain names can fall under the following
// categories:
// - A sequence of labels ending in a zero octet (label of length zero)
// - A pointer to prior occurance of name in message
// - A sequence of labels ending with a pointer.
//
// Domain Name Label - DIRECT:
// 1 1 1 1 1 1
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | 0 0| LABEL LENGTH | CHAR 0 |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// / CHAR 1 | CHAR 2 /
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
//
// Domain Name Label - POINTER:
// 1 1 1 1 1 1
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | 1 1| OFFSET |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
constexpr uint8_t kLabelTermination = 0x00;
constexpr uint8_t kLabelTypeMask = 0xC0;
constexpr uint8_t kLabelDirect = 0x00;
constexpr uint8_t kLabelPointer = 0xC0;
constexpr uint8_t kLabelLengthMask = 0x3F;
constexpr uint16_t kLabelOffsetMask = 0x3FFF;
constexpr bool IsTerminationLabel(uint8_t label) {
return label == kLabelTermination;
}
constexpr bool IsDirectLabel(uint8_t label) {
return (label & kLabelTypeMask) == kLabelDirect;
}
constexpr bool IsPointerLabel(uint8_t label) {
return (label & kLabelTypeMask) == kLabelPointer;
}
constexpr uint8_t GetDirectLabelLength(uint8_t label) {
return label & kLabelLengthMask;
}
constexpr uint16_t GetPointerLabelOffset(uint16_t label) {
return label & kLabelOffsetMask;
}
constexpr bool IsValidPointerLabelOffset(size_t offset) {
return offset <= kLabelOffsetMask;
}
constexpr uint16_t MakePointerLabel(uint16_t offset) {
return (uint16_t(kLabelPointer) << 8) | (offset & kLabelOffsetMask);
}
constexpr uint8_t MakeDirectLabel(uint8_t length) {
return kLabelDirect | (length & kLabelLengthMask);
}
// ============================================================================
// Record Fields
// ============================================================================
// RFC 1035: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt
// RFC 2535: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2535.txt
// Question format:
// 1 1 1 1 1 1
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | |
// / QNAME /
// / /
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | QTYPE |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | QCLASS |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// Answer format:
// 1 1 1 1 1 1
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | |
// / /
// / NAME /
// | |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | TYPE |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | CLASS |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | TTL |
// | |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// | RDLENGTH |
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
// / RDATA /
// / /
// +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// DNS TYPE values. See http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters for full
// list. Only a sub-set is used and listed here.
enum class DnsType : uint16_t {
kA = 1,
kPTR = 12,
kTXT = 16,
kAAAA = 28,
kSRV = 33,
kOPT = 41,
kNSEC = 47,
kANY = 255, // Only allowed for QTYPE
};
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& output, DnsType type) {
switch (type) {
case DnsType::kA:
return output << "A";
case DnsType::kPTR:
return output << "PTR";
case DnsType::kTXT:
return output << "TXT";
case DnsType::kAAAA:
return output << "AAAA";
case DnsType::kSRV:
return output << "SRV";
case DnsType::kOPT:
return output << "OPT";
case DnsType::kNSEC:
return output << "NSEC";
case DnsType::kANY:
return output << "ANY";
}
OSP_NOTREACHED();
}
constexpr std::array<DnsType, 7> kSupportedDnsTypes = {
DnsType::kA, DnsType::kPTR, DnsType::kTXT, DnsType::kAAAA,
DnsType::kSRV, DnsType::kNSEC, DnsType::kANY};
enum class DnsClass : uint16_t {
kIN = 1,
kANY = 255, // Only allowed for QCLASS
};
// Unique and shared records are described in
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-2 and
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-10.2
enum class RecordType {
kShared = 0,
kUnique = 1,
};
// Unicast and multicast preferred response types are described in
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-5.4
enum class ResponseType {
kMulticast = 0,
kUnicast = 1,
};
// These are the default TTL values for supported DNS Record types as specified
// by RFC 6762 section 10.
constexpr std::chrono::seconds kPtrRecordTtl(120);
constexpr std::chrono::seconds kSrvRecordTtl(120);
constexpr std::chrono::seconds kARecordTtl(120);
constexpr std::chrono::seconds kAAAARecordTtl(120);
constexpr std::chrono::seconds kTXTRecordTtl(120);
// DNS CLASS masks and values.
// In mDNS the most significant bit of the RRCLASS for response records is
// designated as the "cache-flush bit", as described in
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-10.2
// In mDNS the most significant bit of the RRCLASS for query records is
// designated as the "unicast-response bit", as described in
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-5.4
constexpr uint16_t kClassMask = 0x7FFF;
constexpr uint16_t kClassMsbMask = 0x8000;
constexpr uint16_t kClassMsbShift = 0xF;
constexpr DnsClass GetDnsClass(uint16_t rrclass) {
return static_cast<DnsClass>(rrclass & kClassMask);
}
constexpr RecordType GetRecordType(uint16_t rrclass) {
return static_cast<RecordType>((rrclass & kClassMsbMask) >> kClassMsbShift);
}
constexpr ResponseType GetResponseType(uint16_t rrclass) {
return static_cast<ResponseType>((rrclass & kClassMsbMask) >> kClassMsbShift);
}
constexpr uint16_t MakeRecordClass(DnsClass dns_class, RecordType record_type) {
return static_cast<uint16_t>(dns_class) |
(static_cast<uint16_t>(record_type) << kClassMsbShift);
}
constexpr uint16_t MakeQuestionClass(DnsClass dns_class,
ResponseType response_type) {
return static_cast<uint16_t>(dns_class) |
(static_cast<uint16_t>(response_type) << kClassMsbShift);
}
// See RFC 6762, section 11: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762#section-11
//
// The IP TTL value for the UDP packets sent to the multicast group is advised
// to be 255 in order to be compatible with older DNS queriers. This also keeps
// consistent with other mDNS solutions (jMDNS, Avahi, etc.), which use 255
// as the IP TTL as well.
//
// The default mDNS group address is in a range of link-local addresses, so
// messages should not be forwarded by routers even when TTL is greater than 1.
constexpr uint32_t kDefaultRecordTTLSeconds = 255;
// ============================================================================
// RDATA Constants
// ============================================================================
// The maximum allowed size for a single entry in a TXT resource record. The
// mDNS spec specifies that entries in TXT record should be key/value pair
// separated by '=', so the size of the key + value + '=' should not exceed
// the maximum allowed size.
// See: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763#section-6.1
constexpr size_t kTXTMaxEntrySize = 255;
// Placeholder RDATA for "empty" TXT records that contains only a single
// zero length byte. This is required since TXT records CANNOT have empty
// RDATA sections.
// See RFC: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763#section-6.1
constexpr uint8_t kTXTEmptyRdata = 0;
// ============================================================================
// Probing Constants
// ============================================================================
// RFC 6762 section 8.1 specifies that a probe should wait 250 ms between
// subsequent probe queries.
constexpr Clock::duration kDelayBetweenProbeQueries =
Clock::to_duration(std::chrono::milliseconds(250));
// RFC 6762 section 8.1 specifies that the probing phase should send out probe
// requests 3 times before treating the probe as completed.
constexpr int kProbeIterationCountBeforeSuccess = 3;
// ============================================================================
// OPT Pseudo-Record Constants
// ============================================================================
// For OPT records, the TTL field has been re-purposed as follows:
//
// +0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
// +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
// 0: | EXTENDED-RCODE | VERSION |
// +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
// 2: | DO| Z |
// +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
constexpr uint32_t kExtendedRcodeMask = 0xFF000000;
constexpr int kExtendedRcodeShift = 24;
constexpr uint32_t kVersionMask = 0x00FF0000;
constexpr int kVersionShift = 16;
constexpr uint32_t kDnssecOkBitMask = 0x00008000;
constexpr uint8_t kVersionBadvers = 0x10;
} // namespace discovery
} // namespace openscreen
#endif // DISCOVERY_MDNS_PUBLIC_MDNS_CONSTANTS_H_