|
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE supplementalData SYSTEM "../../common/dtd/ldmlSupplemental.dtd">
|
|
|
<!-- Copyright © 1991-2015 Unicode, Inc.
|
|
|
CLDR data files are interpreted according to the LDML specification (http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/)
|
|
|
For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html -->
|
|
|
<supplementalData>
|
|
|
<version number="$Revision$" />
|
|
|
<transforms>
|
|
|
<transform source="my" target="my_FONIPA" direction="forward" alias="my-fonipa-t-my">
|
|
|
<tRule><![CDATA[
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pronunciation rules for Burmese.
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# The following rules are lexical and heuristic: lexical in the sense
|
|
|
# that they generate phoneme strings which may further undergo
|
|
|
# post-lexical phonological processes, in particular voicing, to
|
|
|
# result in actual surface forms; heuristic in the sense that they try
|
|
|
# to resolve ambiguities, especially around reduced vowels, in a
|
|
|
# systematic way that may be incorrect in many situations. Vowel
|
|
|
# reduction depends on many factors, such as morphemic structure,
|
|
|
# which are not available here.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Definitions
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Dependent vowel signs
|
|
|
$vs_AA = \u102B;
|
|
|
$vs_aa = \u102C;
|
|
|
$vs_i = \u102D;
|
|
|
$vs_ii = \u102E;
|
|
|
$vs_u = \u102F;
|
|
|
$vs_uu = \u1030;
|
|
|
$vs_e = \u1031;
|
|
|
$vs_ai = \u1032;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Various signs
|
|
|
$anusvara = \u1036;
|
|
|
$visarga = \u1038;
|
|
|
$virama = \u1039;
|
|
|
$asat = \u103A;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Dependent (medial) consonant signs
|
|
|
$med_y = \u103B;
|
|
|
$med_r = \u103C;
|
|
|
$med_w = \u103D;
|
|
|
$med_h = \u103E;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Independent letters and letter-like punctuation symbols
|
|
|
$independent = [\u1000-\u102A \u103F \u104C-\u104F \u1050-\u1055];
|
|
|
|
|
|
$creaky = \u0330;
|
|
|
$high = \u0301;
|
|
|
$low = \u0300;
|
|
|
$coda = [$creaky $high $low ɴ ʔ ə]; # TODO: remove if unused
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Preprocessing
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
::NFC;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Replace U+102B TALL AA with U+102C AA. Their pronunciation is identical.
|
|
|
$vs_AA → $vs_aa;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Unstack kinzi (င် plus U+1039 VIRAMA) into plain င်.
|
|
|
# Hmm, what would happen if the syllable ending in kinzi had non-low tone?
|
|
|
င် $virama → င်;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Unstack everything else, i.e. replace U+1039 VIRAMA with U+103A ASAT.
|
|
|
$virama → $asat;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Unstack U+103F GREAT SA.
|
|
|
ဿ → သ်သ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Insert a syllable boundary marker /./ before every independent letter.
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
[^.$] { } $independent ([\u1037\u103B-\u103E])* [^\u103A] → \.;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Insert default inherent vowel: /a̰/ at the end, /ə/ everywhere else.
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } [$] → $1 a $creaky;
|
|
|
([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } \. → $1 ə;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Allow for additional coda consonants.
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# This only covers a few of the cases in which full coda consonants
|
|
|
# can appear in loanwords. The general situation is somewhat rare and
|
|
|
# is more easily dealt with in a formalism that can impose structural
|
|
|
# constraints on syllables more easily.
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
$asat ($visarga)? [\u1000-\u102A] { $asat → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Deal with ၎င်း early.
|
|
|
၎င်း → lə\.ɡa $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Rhymes
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
|
|
|
က် → ɛʔ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဂ် → ɛʔ; # in မဂ္ဂဇင်း ~ မဂ်ဂဇင်း /mɛʔ.ɡə.zɪ́ɴ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
င့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
င်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
|
|
|
င် → ɪ $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
စ် → ɪʔ; # maybe sometimes /eɪ̯ʔ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
|
|
|
ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ည့် → ɛ $creaky;
|
|
|
ည်း → ɛ $high;
|
|
|
ည် → ɛ $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
ဏ် → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
တ် → aʔ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
န်း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
န် → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ပ် → aʔ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
မ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
မ်း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
မ် → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
|
|
|
ယ်း → ɛ $high;
|
|
|
ယ် → ɛ $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
သ် → aʔ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa တ် → aʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ဏ် → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa န်း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa န် → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ပ် → aʔ; # in ကလာပ်စည်း /kə.laʔ.sɛ́/ (club cell)
|
|
|
$vs_aa ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ယ်း → ɛ $high;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ယ် → ɛ $low;
|
|
|
$vs_aa ့ → a $creaky; # redundant creaky tone
|
|
|
$vs_aa း → a $high;
|
|
|
$vs_aa → a $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_i က် → eɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_i စ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_i တ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_i န့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i န်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i န် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i ပ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_i မ့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i မ်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i မ် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u က် → aɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u င့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u င်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u င် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ယ့် → o $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ယ်း → o $high;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ယ် → o $low; # in ကိုယ် /kò/
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u ့ → o $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u း → o $high;
|
|
|
$vs_i $vs_u → o $low;
|
|
|
$vs_i $anusvara ့ → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $anusvara း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i $anusvara → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_i → i $creaky;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_ii ့ → i $creaky; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
$vs_ii း → i $high;
|
|
|
$vs_ii → i $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_u က် → oʊ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_u ဂ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_u ဏ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u ဏ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u ဏ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u တ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_u န့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u န်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u န် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u ပ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_u မ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u မ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u မ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u $anusvara ့ → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u $anusvara း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u $anusvara → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_u → u $creaky;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_uu ့ → u $creaky; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
$vs_uu း → u $high;
|
|
|
$vs_uu → u $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_e တ် → ɪʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa က် → aʊ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa င့် → a $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa င်း → a $high ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa င် → a $low ʊ̯ɴ;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa ့ → ɔ $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa း → ɔ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa ် → ɔ $low;
|
|
|
$vs_e $vs_aa → ɔ $high;
|
|
|
$vs_e ့ → e $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_e း → e $high;
|
|
|
$vs_e → e $low;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$vs_ai ့ → ɛ $creaky;
|
|
|
$vs_ai း → ɛ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
|
|
|
$vs_ai → ɛ $high;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$anusvara ့ → a $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$anusvara း → a $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$anusvara → a $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
$med_w တ် → ʊʔ;
|
|
|
$med_w န့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$med_w န်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$med_w န် → ʊ $low ɴ;
|
|
|
$med_w ပ် → ʊʔ;
|
|
|
$med_w မ့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
|
|
|
$med_w မ်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
|
|
|
$med_w မ် → ʊ $low ɴ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Medials
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Palatalization of the velar stops before MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA:
|
|
|
# velar + /j/ ==> modern palatals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ကျ → t͡ɕ;
|
|
|
ချ → t͡ɕʰ;
|
|
|
ဂျ → d͡ʑ;
|
|
|
ဃျ → d͡ʑ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ကြ → t͡ɕ;
|
|
|
ခြ → t͡ɕʰ;
|
|
|
ဂြ → d͡ʑ;
|
|
|
ဃြ → d͡ʑ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Remove redundant MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA after initial YA.
|
|
|
ယ { [$med_y $med_r] → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Reorder the medials so that U+103E SIGN MEDIAL HA comes before any
|
|
|
# other medials.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# First, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.
|
|
|
\u103D \u103E → \u103E \u103D;
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
# Now MEDIAL WA comes last.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Produce the palatal ʃ from (SA|LA)+YA+HA.
|
|
|
သျှ → ʃ;
|
|
|
လျှ → ʃ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Second, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103C MEDIAL RA.
|
|
|
\u103C \u103E → \u103E \u103C;
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Finally, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103B MEDIAL YA.
|
|
|
\u103B \u103E → \u103E \u103B;
|
|
|
::Null;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Consume MEDIAL HA and apply devoicing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ငှ → ŋ̊;
|
|
|
ဉှ → ɲ̥;
|
|
|
ညှ → ɲ̥;
|
|
|
ဏှ → n̥;
|
|
|
နှ → n̥;
|
|
|
မှ → m̥;
|
|
|
ယှ → ʃ;
|
|
|
ရှ → ʃ;
|
|
|
လှ → l̥;
|
|
|
ဝှ → w̥;
|
|
|
ဠှ → l̥;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Drop any remaining U+103E MEDIAL HA.
|
|
|
\u103E → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Simplify medial cluster /jw/ to /w/, i.e. drop U+103B MEDIAL YA and
|
|
|
# U+103C MEDIAL RA before U+103D MEDIAL WA. # TODO: revisit this
|
|
|
\u103B } \u103D → ;
|
|
|
\u103C } \u103D → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
\u103B → j;
|
|
|
\u103C → j;
|
|
|
\u103D → w;
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Initials
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Velars
|
|
|
က → k;
|
|
|
ခ → kʰ;
|
|
|
ဂ → ɡ;
|
|
|
ဃ → ɡ;
|
|
|
င → ŋ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Historic palatals
|
|
|
စ → s;
|
|
|
ဆ → sʰ;
|
|
|
ဇ → z;
|
|
|
ဈ → z;
|
|
|
ဉ → ɲ;
|
|
|
ည → ɲ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Alveolars
|
|
|
ဋ → t;
|
|
|
ဌ → tʰ;
|
|
|
ဍ → d;
|
|
|
ဎ → d;
|
|
|
ဏ → n;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Historic dentals ==> alveolars
|
|
|
တ → t;
|
|
|
ထ → tʰ;
|
|
|
ဒ → d;
|
|
|
ဓ → d;
|
|
|
န → n;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Labials
|
|
|
ပ → p;
|
|
|
ဖ → pʰ;
|
|
|
ဗ → b;
|
|
|
ဘ → b;
|
|
|
မ → m;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Other letters
|
|
|
ယ → j;
|
|
|
ရ → j; # historic /r/
|
|
|
လ် → ; # final, typically not pronounced in native words
|
|
|
လ → l;
|
|
|
ဝ → w;
|
|
|
သ → θ; # historic /s/ ==> modern dental
|
|
|
ဟ → h;
|
|
|
ဠ → l;
|
|
|
အ → ʔ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Independent vowels
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဣ့ → ʔḭ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဣး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဣ → ʔḭ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဤ့ → ʔḭ; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဤး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဤ → ʔì;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဥ့ → ʔṵ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဥး → ʔú; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဥ → ʔṵ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဦ့ → ʔṵ; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဦး → ʔú;
|
|
|
ဦ → ʔù;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဧ့ → ʔḛ; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဧး → ʔé;
|
|
|
ဧ → ʔè;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဩ့ → ʔɔ̰; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဩး → ʔɔ́; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဩ → ʔɔ́;
|
|
|
|
|
|
ဪ့ → ʔɔ̰; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဪး → ʔɔ́; # this does not usually occur
|
|
|
ဪ → ʔɔ̀;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Various signs
|
|
|
|
|
|
၌ → n̥aɪ̯ʔ;
|
|
|
၍ → jwḛ;
|
|
|
# ၎င်း was handled earlier.
|
|
|
၏ → ʔḭ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
# Postprocessing
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Delete any remaining U+103A ASAT.
|
|
|
$asat → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Delete zero-width space, non-joiner, joiner.
|
|
|
[\u200B-\u200D] → ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
::NFC;
|
|
|
|
|
|
]]></tRule>
|
|
|
</transform>
|
|
|
</transforms>
|
|
|
</supplementalData>
|
