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335 lines
11 KiB
335 lines
11 KiB
/* bsd.cc -- Functions for loading and manipulating legacy BSD disklabel
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data. */
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/* By Rod Smith, initial coding August, 2009 */
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/* This program is copyright (c) 2009 by Roderick W. Smith. It is distributed
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under the terms of the GNU GPL version 2, as detailed in the COPYING file. */
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#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
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#ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
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#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
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#endif
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#include <stdio.h>
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//#include <unistd.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <sys/stat.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <string>
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#include "support.h"
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#include "bsd.h"
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using namespace std;
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BSDData::BSDData(void) {
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state = unknown;
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signature = UINT32_C(0);
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signature2 = UINT32_C(0);
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sectorSize = 512;
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numParts = 0;
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labelFirstLBA = 0;
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labelLastLBA = 0;
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labelStart = LABEL_OFFSET1; // assume raw disk format
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partitions = NULL;
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} // default constructor
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BSDData::~BSDData(void) {
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delete[] partitions;
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} // destructor
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// Read BSD disklabel data from the specified device filename. This function
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// just opens the device file and then calls an overloaded function to do
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// the bulk of the work. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
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int BSDData::ReadBSDData(const string & device, uint64_t startSector, uint64_t endSector) {
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int allOK = 1;
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DiskIO myDisk;
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if (device != "") {
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if (myDisk.OpenForRead(device)) {
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allOK = ReadBSDData(&myDisk, startSector, endSector);
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} else {
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allOK = 0;
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} // if/else
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myDisk.Close();
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} else {
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allOK = 0;
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} // if/else
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return allOK;
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} // BSDData::ReadBSDData() (device filename version)
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// Load the BSD disklabel data from an already-opened disk
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// file, starting with the specified sector number.
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int BSDData::ReadBSDData(DiskIO *theDisk, uint64_t startSector, uint64_t endSector) {
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int allOK = 1;
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int i, foundSig = 0, bigEnd = 0;
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int relative = 0; // assume absolute partition sector numbering
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uint8_t buffer[4096]; // I/O buffer
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uint32_t realSig;
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uint32_t* temp32;
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uint16_t* temp16;
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BSDRecord* tempRecords;
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int offset[NUM_OFFSETS] = { LABEL_OFFSET1, LABEL_OFFSET2 };
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labelFirstLBA = startSector;
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labelLastLBA = endSector;
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offset[1] = theDisk->GetBlockSize();
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// Read 4096 bytes (eight 512-byte sectors or equivalent)
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// into memory; we'll extract data from this buffer.
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// (Done to work around FreeBSD limitation on size of reads
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// from block devices.)
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allOK = theDisk->Seek(startSector);
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if (allOK) allOK = theDisk->Read(buffer, 4096);
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// Do some strangeness to support big-endian architectures...
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bigEnd = (IsLittleEndian() == 0);
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realSig = BSD_SIGNATURE;
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if (bigEnd && allOK)
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ReverseBytes(&realSig, 4);
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// Look for the signature at any of two locations.
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// Note that the signature is repeated at both the original
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// offset and 132 bytes later, so we need two checks....
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if (allOK) {
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i = 0;
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do {
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temp32 = (uint32_t*) &buffer[offset[i]];
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signature = *temp32;
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if (signature == realSig) { // found first, look for second
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temp32 = (uint32_t*) &buffer[offset[i] + 132];
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signature2 = *temp32;
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if (signature2 == realSig) {
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foundSig = 1;
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labelStart = offset[i];
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} // if found signature
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} // if/else
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i++;
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} while ((!foundSig) && (i < NUM_OFFSETS));
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allOK = foundSig;
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} // if
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// Load partition metadata from the buffer....
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if (allOK) {
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temp32 = (uint32_t*) &buffer[labelStart + 40];
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sectorSize = *temp32;
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temp16 = (uint16_t*) &buffer[labelStart + 138];
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numParts = *temp16;
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} // if
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// Make it big-endian-aware....
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if ((IsLittleEndian() == 0) && allOK)
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ReverseMetaBytes();
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// Check validity of the data and flag it appropriately....
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if (foundSig && (numParts <= MAX_BSD_PARTS) && allOK) {
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state = bsd;
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} else {
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state = bsd_invalid;
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} // if/else
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// If the state is good, go ahead and load the main partition data....
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if (state == bsd) {
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partitions = new struct BSDRecord[numParts * sizeof(struct BSDRecord)];
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if (partitions == NULL) {
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cerr << "Unable to allocate memory in BSDData::ReadBSDData()! Terminating!\n";
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exit(1);
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} // if
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for (i = 0; i < numParts; i++) {
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// Once again, we use the buffer, but index it using a BSDRecord
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// pointer (dangerous, but effective)....
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tempRecords = (BSDRecord*) &buffer[labelStart + 148];
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partitions[i].lengthLBA = tempRecords[i].lengthLBA;
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partitions[i].firstLBA = tempRecords[i].firstLBA;
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partitions[i].fsType = tempRecords[i].fsType;
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if (bigEnd) { // reverse data (fsType is a single byte)
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ReverseBytes(&partitions[i].lengthLBA, 4);
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ReverseBytes(&partitions[i].firstLBA, 4);
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} // if big-endian
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// Check for signs of relative sector numbering: A "0" first sector
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// number on a partition with a non-zero length -- but ONLY if the
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// length is less than the disk size, since NetBSD has a habit of
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// creating a disk-sized partition within a carrier MBR partition
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// that's too small to house it, and this throws off everything....
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if ((partitions[i].firstLBA == 0) && (partitions[i].lengthLBA > 0)
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&& (partitions[i].lengthLBA < labelLastLBA))
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relative = 1;
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} // for
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// Some disklabels use sector numbers relative to the enclosing partition's
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// start, others use absolute sector numbers. If relative numbering was
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// detected above, apply a correction to all partition start sectors....
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if (relative) {
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for (i = 0; i < numParts; i++) {
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partitions[i].firstLBA += (uint32_t) startSector;
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} // for
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} // if
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} // if signatures OK
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// DisplayBSDData();
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return allOK;
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} // BSDData::ReadBSDData(DiskIO* theDisk, uint64_t startSector)
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// Reverse metadata's byte order; called only on big-endian systems
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void BSDData::ReverseMetaBytes(void) {
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ReverseBytes(&signature, 4);
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ReverseBytes(§orSize, 4);
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ReverseBytes(&signature2, 4);
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ReverseBytes(&numParts, 2);
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} // BSDData::ReverseMetaByteOrder()
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// Display basic BSD partition data. Used for debugging.
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void BSDData::DisplayBSDData(void) {
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int i;
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if (state == bsd) {
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cout << "BSD partitions:\n";
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for (i = 0; i < numParts; i++) {
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cout.width(4);
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cout << i + 1 << "\t";
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cout.width(13);
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cout << partitions[i].firstLBA << "\t";
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cout.width(15);
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cout << partitions[i].lengthLBA << " \t0x";
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cout.width(2);
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cout.fill('0');
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cout.setf(ios::uppercase);
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cout << hex << (int) partitions[i].fsType << "\n" << dec;
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cout.fill(' ');
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} // for
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} // if
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} // BSDData::DisplayBSDData()
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// Displays the BSD disklabel state. Called during program launch to inform
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// the user about the partition table(s) status
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int BSDData::ShowState(void) {
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int retval = 0;
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switch (state) {
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case bsd_invalid:
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cout << " BSD: not present\n";
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break;
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case bsd:
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cout << " BSD: present\n";
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retval = 1;
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break;
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default:
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cout << "\a BSD: unknown -- bug!\n";
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break;
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} // switch
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return retval;
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} // BSDData::ShowState()
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// Weirdly, this function has stopped working when defined inline,
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// but it's OK here....
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int BSDData::IsDisklabel(void) {
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return (state == bsd);
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} // BSDData::IsDiskLabel()
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// Returns the BSD table's partition type code
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uint8_t BSDData::GetType(int i) {
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uint8_t retval = 0; // 0 = "unused"
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if ((i < numParts) && (i >= 0) && (state == bsd) && (partitions != 0))
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retval = partitions[i].fsType;
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return(retval);
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} // BSDData::GetType()
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// Returns the number of the first sector of the specified partition
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uint64_t BSDData::GetFirstSector(int i) {
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uint64_t retval = UINT64_C(0);
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if ((i < numParts) && (i >= 0) && (state == bsd) && (partitions != 0))
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retval = (uint64_t) partitions[i].firstLBA;
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return retval;
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} // BSDData::GetFirstSector
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// Returns the length (in sectors) of the specified partition
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uint64_t BSDData::GetLength(int i) {
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uint64_t retval = UINT64_C(0);
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if ((i < numParts) && (i >= 0) && (state == bsd) && (partitions != 0))
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retval = (uint64_t) partitions[i].lengthLBA;
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return retval;
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} // BSDData::GetLength()
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// Returns the number of partitions defined in the current table
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int BSDData::GetNumParts(void) {
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return numParts;
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} // BSDData::GetNumParts()
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// Returns the specified partition as a GPT partition. Used in BSD-to-GPT
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// conversion process
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GPTPart BSDData::AsGPT(int i) {
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GPTPart guid; // dump data in here, then return it
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uint64_t sectorOne, sectorEnd; // first & last sectors of partition
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int passItOn = 1; // Set to 0 if partition is empty or invalid
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guid.BlankPartition();
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sectorOne = (uint64_t) partitions[i].firstLBA;
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sectorEnd = sectorOne + (uint64_t) partitions[i].lengthLBA;
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if (sectorEnd > 0) sectorEnd--;
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// Note on above: BSD partitions sometimes have a length of 0 and a start
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// sector of 0. With unsigned ints, the usual way (start + length - 1) to
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// find the end will result in a huge number, which will be confusing.
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// Thus, apply the "-1" part only if it's reasonable to do so.
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// Do a few sanity checks on the partition before we pass it on....
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// First, check that it falls within the bounds of its container
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// and that it starts before it ends....
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if ((sectorOne < labelFirstLBA) || (sectorEnd > labelLastLBA) || (sectorOne > sectorEnd))
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passItOn = 0;
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// Some disklabels include a pseudo-partition that's the size of the entire
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// disk or containing partition. Don't return it.
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if ((sectorOne <= labelFirstLBA) && (sectorEnd >= labelLastLBA) &&
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(GetType(i) == 0))
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passItOn = 0;
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// If the end point is 0, it's not a valid partition.
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if ((sectorEnd == 0) || (sectorEnd == labelFirstLBA))
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passItOn = 0;
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if (passItOn) {
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guid.SetFirstLBA(sectorOne);
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guid.SetLastLBA(sectorEnd);
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// Now set a random unique GUID for the partition....
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guid.RandomizeUniqueGUID();
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// ... zero out the attributes and name fields....
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guid.SetAttributes(UINT64_C(0));
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// Most BSD disklabel type codes seem to be archaic or rare.
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// They're also ambiguous; a FreeBSD filesystem is impossible
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// to distinguish from a NetBSD one. Thus, these code assignment
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// are going to be rough to begin with. For a list of meanings,
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// see http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/sys/dtype.h?v=DFBSD,
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// or Google it.
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switch (GetType(i)) {
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case 1: // BSD swap
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guid.SetType(0xa502); break;
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case 7: // BSD FFS
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guid.SetType(0xa503); break;
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case 8: case 11: // MS-DOS or HPFS
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guid.SetType(0x0700); break;
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case 9: // log-structured fs
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guid.SetType(0xa903); break;
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case 13: // bootstrap
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guid.SetType(0xa501); break;
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case 14: // vinum
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guid.SetType(0xa505); break;
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case 15: // RAID
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guid.SetType(0xa903); break;
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case 27: // FreeBSD ZFS
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guid.SetType(0xa504); break;
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default:
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guid.SetType(0xa503); break;
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} // switch
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// Set the partition name to the name of the type code....
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guid.SetName(guid.GetTypeName());
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} // if
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return guid;
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} // BSDData::AsGPT()
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