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//==--- RetainCountChecker.h - Checks for leaks and other issues -*- C++ -*--//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines the methods for RetainCountChecker, which implements
// a reference count checker for Core Foundation and Cocoa on (Mac OS X).
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_LIB_STATICANALYZER_CHECKERS_RETAINCOUNTCHECKER_H
#define LLVM_CLANG_LIB_STATICANALYZER_CHECKERS_RETAINCOUNTCHECKER_H
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"
#include "RetainCountDiagnostics.h"
#include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/ParentMap.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/DomainSpecific/CocoaConventions.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/PathDiagnostic.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/RetainSummaryManager.h"
#include "clang/Basic/LangOptions.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/SelectorExtras.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SymbolManager.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/FoldingSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableList.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include <cstdarg>
#include <utility>
namespace clang {
namespace ento {
namespace retaincountchecker {
/// Metadata on reference.
class RefVal {
public:
enum Kind {
Owned = 0, // Owning reference.
NotOwned, // Reference is not owned by still valid (not freed).
Released, // Object has been released.
ReturnedOwned, // Returned object passes ownership to caller.
ReturnedNotOwned, // Return object does not pass ownership to caller.
ERROR_START,
ErrorDeallocNotOwned, // -dealloc called on non-owned object.
ErrorUseAfterRelease, // Object used after released.
ErrorReleaseNotOwned, // Release of an object that was not owned.
ERROR_LEAK_START,
ErrorLeak, // A memory leak due to excessive reference counts.
ErrorLeakReturned, // A memory leak due to the returning method not having
// the correct naming conventions.
ErrorOverAutorelease,
ErrorReturnedNotOwned
};
/// Tracks how an object referenced by an ivar has been used.
///
/// This accounts for us not knowing if an arbitrary ivar is supposed to be
/// stored at +0 or +1.
enum class IvarAccessHistory {
None,
AccessedDirectly,
ReleasedAfterDirectAccess
};
private:
/// The number of outstanding retains.
unsigned Cnt;
/// The number of outstanding autoreleases.
unsigned ACnt;
/// The (static) type of the object at the time we started tracking it.
QualType T;
/// The current state of the object.
///
/// See the RefVal::Kind enum for possible values.
unsigned RawKind : 5;
/// The kind of object being tracked (CF or ObjC or OSObject), if known.
///
/// See the ObjKind enum for possible values.
unsigned RawObjectKind : 3;
/// True if the current state and/or retain count may turn out to not be the
/// best possible approximation of the reference counting state.
///
/// If true, the checker may decide to throw away ("override") this state
/// in favor of something else when it sees the object being used in new ways.
///
/// This setting should not be propagated to state derived from this state.
/// Once we start deriving new states, it would be inconsistent to override
/// them.
unsigned RawIvarAccessHistory : 2;
RefVal(Kind k, ObjKind o, unsigned cnt, unsigned acnt, QualType t,
IvarAccessHistory IvarAccess)
: Cnt(cnt), ACnt(acnt), T(t), RawKind(static_cast<unsigned>(k)),
RawObjectKind(static_cast<unsigned>(o)),
RawIvarAccessHistory(static_cast<unsigned>(IvarAccess)) {
assert(getKind() == k && "not enough bits for the kind");
assert(getObjKind() == o && "not enough bits for the object kind");
assert(getIvarAccessHistory() == IvarAccess && "not enough bits");
}
public:
Kind getKind() const { return static_cast<Kind>(RawKind); }
ObjKind getObjKind() const {
return static_cast<ObjKind>(RawObjectKind);
}
unsigned getCount() const { return Cnt; }
unsigned getAutoreleaseCount() const { return ACnt; }
unsigned getCombinedCounts() const { return Cnt + ACnt; }
void clearCounts() {
Cnt = 0;
ACnt = 0;
}
void setCount(unsigned i) {
Cnt = i;
}
void setAutoreleaseCount(unsigned i) {
ACnt = i;
}
QualType getType() const { return T; }
/// Returns what the analyzer knows about direct accesses to a particular
/// instance variable.
///
/// If the object with this refcount wasn't originally from an Objective-C
/// ivar region, this should always return IvarAccessHistory::None.
IvarAccessHistory getIvarAccessHistory() const {
return static_cast<IvarAccessHistory>(RawIvarAccessHistory);
}
bool isOwned() const {
return getKind() == Owned;
}
bool isNotOwned() const {
return getKind() == NotOwned;
}
bool isReturnedOwned() const {
return getKind() == ReturnedOwned;
}
bool isReturnedNotOwned() const {
return getKind() == ReturnedNotOwned;
}
/// Create a state for an object whose lifetime is the responsibility of the
/// current function, at least partially.
///
/// Most commonly, this is an owned object with a retain count of +1.
static RefVal makeOwned(ObjKind o, QualType t) {
return RefVal(Owned, o, /*Count=*/1, 0, t, IvarAccessHistory::None);
}
/// Create a state for an object whose lifetime is not the responsibility of
/// the current function.
///
/// Most commonly, this is an unowned object with a retain count of +0.
static RefVal makeNotOwned(ObjKind o, QualType t) {
return RefVal(NotOwned, o, /*Count=*/0, 0, t, IvarAccessHistory::None);
}
RefVal operator-(size_t i) const {
return RefVal(getKind(), getObjKind(), getCount() - i,
getAutoreleaseCount(), getType(), getIvarAccessHistory());
}
RefVal operator+(size_t i) const {
return RefVal(getKind(), getObjKind(), getCount() + i,
getAutoreleaseCount(), getType(), getIvarAccessHistory());
}
RefVal operator^(Kind k) const {
return RefVal(k, getObjKind(), getCount(), getAutoreleaseCount(),
getType(), getIvarAccessHistory());
}
RefVal autorelease() const {
return RefVal(getKind(), getObjKind(), getCount(), getAutoreleaseCount()+1,
getType(), getIvarAccessHistory());
}
RefVal withIvarAccess() const {
assert(getIvarAccessHistory() == IvarAccessHistory::None);
return RefVal(getKind(), getObjKind(), getCount(), getAutoreleaseCount(),
getType(), IvarAccessHistory::AccessedDirectly);
}
RefVal releaseViaIvar() const {
assert(getIvarAccessHistory() == IvarAccessHistory::AccessedDirectly);
return RefVal(getKind(), getObjKind(), getCount(), getAutoreleaseCount(),
getType(), IvarAccessHistory::ReleasedAfterDirectAccess);
}
// Comparison, profiling, and pretty-printing.
bool hasSameState(const RefVal &X) const {
return getKind() == X.getKind() && Cnt == X.Cnt && ACnt == X.ACnt &&
getIvarAccessHistory() == X.getIvarAccessHistory();
}
bool operator==(const RefVal& X) const {
return T == X.T && hasSameState(X) && getObjKind() == X.getObjKind();
}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID& ID) const {
ID.Add(T);
ID.AddInteger(RawKind);
ID.AddInteger(Cnt);
ID.AddInteger(ACnt);
ID.AddInteger(RawObjectKind);
ID.AddInteger(RawIvarAccessHistory);
}
void print(raw_ostream &Out) const;
};
class RetainCountChecker
: public Checker< check::Bind,
check::DeadSymbols,
check::BeginFunction,
check::EndFunction,
check::PostStmt<BlockExpr>,
check::PostStmt<CastExpr>,
check::PostStmt<ObjCArrayLiteral>,
check::PostStmt<ObjCDictionaryLiteral>,
check::PostStmt<ObjCBoxedExpr>,
check::PostStmt<ObjCIvarRefExpr>,
check::PostCall,
check::RegionChanges,
eval::Assume,
eval::Call > {
public:
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> UseAfterRelease;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> ReleaseNotOwned;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> DeallocNotOwned;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> FreeNotOwned;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> OverAutorelease;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> ReturnNotOwnedForOwned;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> LeakWithinFunction;
std::unique_ptr<RefCountBug> LeakAtReturn;
mutable std::unique_ptr<RetainSummaryManager> Summaries;
static std::unique_ptr<CheckerProgramPointTag> DeallocSentTag;
static std::unique_ptr<CheckerProgramPointTag> CastFailTag;
/// Track Objective-C and CoreFoundation objects.
bool TrackObjCAndCFObjects = false;
/// Track sublcasses of OSObject.
bool TrackOSObjects = false;
/// Track initial parameters (for the entry point) for NS/CF objects.
bool TrackNSCFStartParam = false;
RetainCountChecker() {};
RetainSummaryManager &getSummaryManager(ASTContext &Ctx) const {
if (!Summaries)
Summaries.reset(
new RetainSummaryManager(Ctx, TrackObjCAndCFObjects, TrackOSObjects));
return *Summaries;
}
RetainSummaryManager &getSummaryManager(CheckerContext &C) const {
return getSummaryManager(C.getASTContext());
}
void printState(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
const char *NL, const char *Sep) const override;
void checkBind(SVal loc, SVal val, const Stmt *S, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const BlockExpr *BE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const CastExpr *CE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const ObjCArrayLiteral *AL, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const ObjCDictionaryLiteral *DL, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const ObjCBoxedExpr *BE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostStmt(const ObjCIvarRefExpr *IRE, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkPostCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkSummary(const RetainSummary &Summ, const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void processSummaryOfInlined(const RetainSummary &Summ,
const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const;
bool evalCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
ProgramStateRef evalAssume(ProgramStateRef state, SVal Cond,
bool Assumption) const;
ProgramStateRef
checkRegionChanges(ProgramStateRef state,
const InvalidatedSymbols *invalidated,
ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions,
const LocationContext* LCtx,
const CallEvent *Call) const;
ExplodedNode* checkReturnWithRetEffect(const ReturnStmt *S, CheckerContext &C,
ExplodedNode *Pred, RetEffect RE, RefVal X,
SymbolRef Sym, ProgramStateRef state) const;
void checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkBeginFunction(CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkEndFunction(const ReturnStmt *RS, CheckerContext &C) const;
ProgramStateRef updateSymbol(ProgramStateRef state, SymbolRef sym,
RefVal V, ArgEffect E, RefVal::Kind &hasErr,
CheckerContext &C) const;
const RefCountBug &errorKindToBugKind(RefVal::Kind ErrorKind,
SymbolRef Sym) const;
void processNonLeakError(ProgramStateRef St, SourceRange ErrorRange,
RefVal::Kind ErrorKind, SymbolRef Sym,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void processObjCLiterals(CheckerContext &C, const Expr *Ex) const;
ProgramStateRef handleSymbolDeath(ProgramStateRef state,
SymbolRef sid, RefVal V,
SmallVectorImpl<SymbolRef> &Leaked) const;
ProgramStateRef
handleAutoreleaseCounts(ProgramStateRef state, ExplodedNode *Pred,
const ProgramPointTag *Tag, CheckerContext &Ctx,
SymbolRef Sym,
RefVal V,
const ReturnStmt *S=nullptr) const;
ExplodedNode *processLeaks(ProgramStateRef state,
SmallVectorImpl<SymbolRef> &Leaked,
CheckerContext &Ctx,
ExplodedNode *Pred = nullptr) const;
static const CheckerProgramPointTag &getDeallocSentTag() {
return *DeallocSentTag;
}
static const CheckerProgramPointTag &getCastFailTag() { return *CastFailTag; }
private:
/// Perform the necessary checks and state adjustments at the end of the
/// function.
/// \p S Return statement, may be null.
ExplodedNode * processReturn(const ReturnStmt *S, CheckerContext &C) const;
};
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// RefBindings - State used to track object reference counts.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
const RefVal *getRefBinding(ProgramStateRef State, SymbolRef Sym);
/// Returns true if this stack frame is for an Objective-C method that is a
/// property getter or setter whose body has been synthesized by the analyzer.
inline bool isSynthesizedAccessor(const StackFrameContext *SFC) {
auto Method = dyn_cast_or_null<ObjCMethodDecl>(SFC->getDecl());
if (!Method || !Method->isPropertyAccessor())
return false;
return SFC->getAnalysisDeclContext()->isBodyAutosynthesized();
}
} // end namespace retaincountchecker
} // end namespace ento
} // end namespace clang
#endif