You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.

277 lines
9.4 KiB

//===-- SimpleStreamChecker.cpp -----------------------------------------*- C++ -*--//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Defines a checker for proper use of fopen/fclose APIs.
// - If a file has been closed with fclose, it should not be accessed again.
// Accessing a closed file results in undefined behavior.
// - If a file was opened with fopen, it must be closed with fclose before
// the execution ends. Failing to do so results in a resource leak.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/BuiltinCheckerRegistration.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugType.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/Checker.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CallEvent.h"
#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CheckerContext.h"
#include <utility>
using namespace clang;
using namespace ento;
namespace {
typedef SmallVector<SymbolRef, 2> SymbolVector;
struct StreamState {
private:
enum Kind { Opened, Closed } K;
StreamState(Kind InK) : K(InK) { }
public:
bool isOpened() const { return K == Opened; }
bool isClosed() const { return K == Closed; }
static StreamState getOpened() { return StreamState(Opened); }
static StreamState getClosed() { return StreamState(Closed); }
bool operator==(const StreamState &X) const {
return K == X.K;
}
void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID &ID) const {
ID.AddInteger(K);
}
};
class SimpleStreamChecker : public Checker<check::PostCall,
check::PreCall,
check::DeadSymbols,
check::PointerEscape> {
CallDescription OpenFn, CloseFn;
std::unique_ptr<BugType> DoubleCloseBugType;
std::unique_ptr<BugType> LeakBugType;
void reportDoubleClose(SymbolRef FileDescSym,
const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const;
void reportLeaks(ArrayRef<SymbolRef> LeakedStreams, CheckerContext &C,
ExplodedNode *ErrNode) const;
bool guaranteedNotToCloseFile(const CallEvent &Call) const;
public:
SimpleStreamChecker();
/// Process fopen.
void checkPostCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
/// Process fclose.
void checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call, CheckerContext &C) const;
void checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper, CheckerContext &C) const;
/// Stop tracking addresses which escape.
ProgramStateRef checkPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const;
};
} // end anonymous namespace
/// The state of the checker is a map from tracked stream symbols to their
/// state. Let's store it in the ProgramState.
REGISTER_MAP_WITH_PROGRAMSTATE(StreamMap, SymbolRef, StreamState)
namespace {
class StopTrackingCallback final : public SymbolVisitor {
ProgramStateRef state;
public:
StopTrackingCallback(ProgramStateRef st) : state(std::move(st)) {}
ProgramStateRef getState() const { return state; }
bool VisitSymbol(SymbolRef sym) override {
state = state->remove<StreamMap>(sym);
return true;
}
};
} // end anonymous namespace
SimpleStreamChecker::SimpleStreamChecker()
: OpenFn("fopen"), CloseFn("fclose", 1) {
// Initialize the bug types.
DoubleCloseBugType.reset(
new BugType(this, "Double fclose", "Unix Stream API Error"));
// Sinks are higher importance bugs as well as calls to assert() or exit(0).
LeakBugType.reset(
new BugType(this, "Resource Leak", "Unix Stream API Error",
/*SuppressOnSink=*/true));
}
void SimpleStreamChecker::checkPostCall(const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (!Call.isGlobalCFunction())
return;
if (!Call.isCalled(OpenFn))
return;
// Get the symbolic value corresponding to the file handle.
SymbolRef FileDesc = Call.getReturnValue().getAsSymbol();
if (!FileDesc)
return;
// Generate the next transition (an edge in the exploded graph).
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
State = State->set<StreamMap>(FileDesc, StreamState::getOpened());
C.addTransition(State);
}
void SimpleStreamChecker::checkPreCall(const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const {
if (!Call.isGlobalCFunction())
return;
if (!Call.isCalled(CloseFn))
return;
// Get the symbolic value corresponding to the file handle.
SymbolRef FileDesc = Call.getArgSVal(0).getAsSymbol();
if (!FileDesc)
return;
// Check if the stream has already been closed.
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
const StreamState *SS = State->get<StreamMap>(FileDesc);
if (SS && SS->isClosed()) {
reportDoubleClose(FileDesc, Call, C);
return;
}
// Generate the next transition, in which the stream is closed.
State = State->set<StreamMap>(FileDesc, StreamState::getClosed());
C.addTransition(State);
}
static bool isLeaked(SymbolRef Sym, const StreamState &SS,
bool IsSymDead, ProgramStateRef State) {
if (IsSymDead && SS.isOpened()) {
// If a symbol is NULL, assume that fopen failed on this path.
// A symbol should only be considered leaked if it is non-null.
ConstraintManager &CMgr = State->getConstraintManager();
ConditionTruthVal OpenFailed = CMgr.isNull(State, Sym);
return !OpenFailed.isConstrainedTrue();
}
return false;
}
void SimpleStreamChecker::checkDeadSymbols(SymbolReaper &SymReaper,
CheckerContext &C) const {
ProgramStateRef State = C.getState();
SymbolVector LeakedStreams;
StreamMapTy TrackedStreams = State->get<StreamMap>();
for (StreamMapTy::iterator I = TrackedStreams.begin(),
E = TrackedStreams.end(); I != E; ++I) {
SymbolRef Sym = I->first;
bool IsSymDead = SymReaper.isDead(Sym);
// Collect leaked symbols.
if (isLeaked(Sym, I->second, IsSymDead, State))
LeakedStreams.push_back(Sym);
// Remove the dead symbol from the streams map.
if (IsSymDead)
State = State->remove<StreamMap>(Sym);
}
ExplodedNode *N = C.generateNonFatalErrorNode(State);
if (!N)
return;
reportLeaks(LeakedStreams, C, N);
}
void SimpleStreamChecker::reportDoubleClose(SymbolRef FileDescSym,
const CallEvent &Call,
CheckerContext &C) const {
// We reached a bug, stop exploring the path here by generating a sink.
ExplodedNode *ErrNode = C.generateErrorNode();
// If we've already reached this node on another path, return.
if (!ErrNode)
return;
// Generate the report.
auto R = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(
*DoubleCloseBugType, "Closing a previously closed file stream", ErrNode);
R->addRange(Call.getSourceRange());
R->markInteresting(FileDescSym);
C.emitReport(std::move(R));
}
void SimpleStreamChecker::reportLeaks(ArrayRef<SymbolRef> LeakedStreams,
CheckerContext &C,
ExplodedNode *ErrNode) const {
// Attach bug reports to the leak node.
// TODO: Identify the leaked file descriptor.
for (SymbolRef LeakedStream : LeakedStreams) {
auto R = std::make_unique<PathSensitiveBugReport>(
*LeakBugType, "Opened file is never closed; potential resource leak",
ErrNode);
R->markInteresting(LeakedStream);
C.emitReport(std::move(R));
}
}
bool SimpleStreamChecker::guaranteedNotToCloseFile(const CallEvent &Call) const{
// If it's not in a system header, assume it might close a file.
if (!Call.isInSystemHeader())
return false;
// Handle cases where we know a buffer's /address/ can escape.
if (Call.argumentsMayEscape())
return false;
// Note, even though fclose closes the file, we do not list it here
// since the checker is modeling the call.
return true;
}
// If the pointer we are tracking escaped, do not track the symbol as
// we cannot reason about it anymore.
ProgramStateRef
SimpleStreamChecker::checkPointerEscape(ProgramStateRef State,
const InvalidatedSymbols &Escaped,
const CallEvent *Call,
PointerEscapeKind Kind) const {
// If we know that the call cannot close a file, there is nothing to do.
if (Kind == PSK_DirectEscapeOnCall && guaranteedNotToCloseFile(*Call)) {
return State;
}
for (InvalidatedSymbols::const_iterator I = Escaped.begin(),
E = Escaped.end();
I != E; ++I) {
SymbolRef Sym = *I;
// The symbol escaped. Optimistically, assume that the corresponding file
// handle will be closed somewhere else.
State = State->remove<StreamMap>(Sym);
}
return State;
}
void ento::registerSimpleStreamChecker(CheckerManager &mgr) {
mgr.registerChecker<SimpleStreamChecker>();
}
// This checker should be enabled regardless of how language options are set.
bool ento::shouldRegisterSimpleStreamChecker(const CheckerManager &mgr) {
return true;
}