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393 lines
13 KiB
393 lines
13 KiB
#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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# @lint-avoid-python-3-compatibility-imports
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#
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# tcpstates Trace the TCP session state changes with durations.
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# For Linux, uses BCC, BPF. Embedded C.
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#
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# USAGE: tcpstates [-h] [-C] [-S] [interval [count]]
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#
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# This uses the sock:inet_sock_set_state tracepoint, added to Linux 4.16.
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# Linux 4.16 also adds more state transitions so that they can be traced.
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#
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# Copyright 2018 Netflix, Inc.
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
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#
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# 20-Mar-2018 Brendan Gregg Created this.
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from __future__ import print_function
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from bcc import BPF
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import argparse
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from socket import inet_ntop, AF_INET, AF_INET6
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from struct import pack
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import ctypes as ct
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from time import strftime, time
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from os import getuid
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# arguments
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examples = """examples:
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./tcpstates # trace all TCP state changes
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./tcpstates -t # include timestamp column
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./tcpstates -T # include time column (HH:MM:SS)
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./tcpstates -w # wider colums (fit IPv6)
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./tcpstates -stT # csv output, with times & timestamps
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./tcpstates -Y # log events to the systemd journal
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./tcpstates -L 80 # only trace local port 80
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./tcpstates -L 80,81 # only trace local ports 80 and 81
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./tcpstates -D 80 # only trace remote port 80
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"""
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description="Trace TCP session state changes and durations",
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formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
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epilog=examples)
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parser.add_argument("-T", "--time", action="store_true",
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help="include time column on output (HH:MM:SS)")
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parser.add_argument("-t", "--timestamp", action="store_true",
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help="include timestamp on output (seconds)")
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parser.add_argument("-w", "--wide", action="store_true",
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help="wide column output (fits IPv6 addresses)")
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parser.add_argument("-s", "--csv", action="store_true",
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help="comma separated values output")
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parser.add_argument("-L", "--localport",
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help="comma-separated list of local ports to trace.")
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parser.add_argument("-D", "--remoteport",
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help="comma-separated list of remote ports to trace.")
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parser.add_argument("--ebpf", action="store_true",
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help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
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parser.add_argument("-Y", "--journal", action="store_true",
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help="log session state changes to the systemd journal")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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debug = 0
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# define BPF program
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bpf_text = """
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#include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h>
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#define KBUILD_MODNAME "foo"
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#include <linux/tcp.h>
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#include <net/sock.h>
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#include <bcc/proto.h>
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BPF_HASH(last, struct sock *, u64);
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// separate data structs for ipv4 and ipv6
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struct ipv4_data_t {
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u64 ts_us;
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u64 skaddr;
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u32 saddr;
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u32 daddr;
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u64 span_us;
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u32 pid;
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u32 ports;
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u32 oldstate;
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u32 newstate;
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char task[TASK_COMM_LEN];
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};
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BPF_PERF_OUTPUT(ipv4_events);
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struct ipv6_data_t {
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u64 ts_us;
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u64 skaddr;
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unsigned __int128 saddr;
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unsigned __int128 daddr;
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u64 span_us;
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u32 pid;
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u32 ports;
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u32 oldstate;
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u32 newstate;
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char task[TASK_COMM_LEN];
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};
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BPF_PERF_OUTPUT(ipv6_events);
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struct id_t {
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u32 pid;
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char task[TASK_COMM_LEN];
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};
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TRACEPOINT_PROBE(sock, inet_sock_set_state)
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{
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if (args->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
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return 0;
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u32 pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid() >> 32;
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// sk is used as a UUID
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struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)args->skaddr;
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// lport is either used in a filter here, or later
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u16 lport = args->sport;
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FILTER_LPORT
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// dport is either used in a filter here, or later
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u16 dport = args->dport;
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FILTER_DPORT
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// calculate delta
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u64 *tsp, delta_us;
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tsp = last.lookup(&sk);
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if (tsp == 0)
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delta_us = 0;
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else
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delta_us = (bpf_ktime_get_ns() - *tsp) / 1000;
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if (args->family == AF_INET) {
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struct ipv4_data_t data4 = {
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.span_us = delta_us,
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.oldstate = args->oldstate,
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.newstate = args->newstate };
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data4.skaddr = (u64)args->skaddr;
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data4.ts_us = bpf_ktime_get_ns() / 1000;
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__builtin_memcpy(&data4.saddr, args->saddr, sizeof(data4.saddr));
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__builtin_memcpy(&data4.daddr, args->daddr, sizeof(data4.daddr));
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// a workaround until data4 compiles with separate lport/dport
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data4.ports = dport + ((0ULL + lport) << 32);
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data4.pid = pid;
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bpf_get_current_comm(&data4.task, sizeof(data4.task));
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ipv4_events.perf_submit(args, &data4, sizeof(data4));
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} else /* 6 */ {
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struct ipv6_data_t data6 = {
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.span_us = delta_us,
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.oldstate = args->oldstate,
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.newstate = args->newstate };
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data6.skaddr = (u64)args->skaddr;
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data6.ts_us = bpf_ktime_get_ns() / 1000;
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__builtin_memcpy(&data6.saddr, args->saddr_v6, sizeof(data6.saddr));
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__builtin_memcpy(&data6.daddr, args->daddr_v6, sizeof(data6.daddr));
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// a workaround until data6 compiles with separate lport/dport
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data6.ports = dport + ((0ULL + lport) << 32);
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data6.pid = pid;
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bpf_get_current_comm(&data6.task, sizeof(data6.task));
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ipv6_events.perf_submit(args, &data6, sizeof(data6));
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}
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u64 ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
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last.update(&sk, &ts);
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return 0;
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}
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"""
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if (not BPF.tracepoint_exists("sock", "inet_sock_set_state")):
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print("ERROR: tracepoint sock:inet_sock_set_state missing "
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"(added in Linux 4.16). Exiting")
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exit()
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# code substitutions
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if args.remoteport:
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dports = [int(dport) for dport in args.remoteport.split(',')]
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dports_if = ' && '.join(['dport != %d' % dport for dport in dports])
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bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER_DPORT',
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'if (%s) { last.delete(&sk); return 0; }' % dports_if)
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if args.localport:
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lports = [int(lport) for lport in args.localport.split(',')]
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lports_if = ' && '.join(['lport != %d' % lport for lport in lports])
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bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER_LPORT',
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'if (%s) { last.delete(&sk); return 0; }' % lports_if)
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bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER_DPORT', '')
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bpf_text = bpf_text.replace('FILTER_LPORT', '')
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if debug or args.ebpf:
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print(bpf_text)
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if args.ebpf:
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exit()
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# event data
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TASK_COMM_LEN = 16 # linux/sched.h
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class Data_ipv4(ct.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("ts_us", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("skaddr", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("saddr", ct.c_uint),
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("daddr", ct.c_uint),
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("span_us", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("pid", ct.c_uint),
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("ports", ct.c_uint),
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("oldstate", ct.c_uint),
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("newstate", ct.c_uint),
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("task", ct.c_char * TASK_COMM_LEN)
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]
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class Data_ipv6(ct.Structure):
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_fields_ = [
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("ts_us", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("skaddr", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("saddr", (ct.c_ulonglong * 2)),
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("daddr", (ct.c_ulonglong * 2)),
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("span_us", ct.c_ulonglong),
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("pid", ct.c_uint),
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("ports", ct.c_uint),
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("oldstate", ct.c_uint),
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("newstate", ct.c_uint),
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("task", ct.c_char * TASK_COMM_LEN)
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]
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#
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# Setup output formats
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#
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# Don't change the default output (next 2 lines): this fits in 80 chars. I
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# know it doesn't have NS or UIDs etc. I know. If you really, really, really
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# need to add columns, columns that solve real actual problems, I'd start by
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# adding an extended mode (-x) to included those columns.
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#
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header_string = "%-16s %-5s %-10.10s %s%-15s %-5s %-15s %-5s %-11s -> %-11s %s"
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format_string = ("%-16x %-5d %-10.10s %s%-15s %-5d %-15s %-5d %-11s " +
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"-> %-11s %.3f")
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if args.wide:
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header_string = ("%-16s %-5s %-16.16s %-2s %-26s %-5s %-26s %-5s %-11s " +
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"-> %-11s %s")
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format_string = ("%-16x %-5d %-16.16s %-2s %-26s %-5s %-26s %-5d %-11s " +
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"-> %-11s %.3f")
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if args.csv:
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header_string = "%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s"
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format_string = "%x,%d,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%d,%s,%s,%.3f"
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if args.journal:
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try:
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from systemd import journal
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except ImportError:
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print("ERROR: Journal logging requires the systemd.journal module")
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exit(1)
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def tcpstate2str(state):
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# from include/net/tcp_states.h:
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tcpstate = {
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1: "ESTABLISHED",
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2: "SYN_SENT",
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3: "SYN_RECV",
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4: "FIN_WAIT1",
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5: "FIN_WAIT2",
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6: "TIME_WAIT",
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7: "CLOSE",
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8: "CLOSE_WAIT",
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9: "LAST_ACK",
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10: "LISTEN",
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11: "CLOSING",
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12: "NEW_SYN_RECV",
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}
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if state in tcpstate:
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return tcpstate[state]
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else:
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return str(state)
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def journal_fields(event, addr_family):
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addr_pfx = 'IPV4'
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if addr_family == AF_INET6:
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addr_pfx = 'IPV6'
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fields = {
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# Standard fields described in systemd.journal-fields(7). journal.send
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# will fill in CODE_LINE, CODE_FILE, and CODE_FUNC for us. If we're
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# root and specify OBJECT_PID, systemd-journald will add other OBJECT_*
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# fields for us.
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'SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER': 'tcpstates',
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'PRIORITY': 5,
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'_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP': time() * 1000000,
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'OBJECT_PID': str(event.pid),
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'OBJECT_COMM': event.task.decode('utf-8', 'replace'),
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# Custom fields, aka "stuff we sort of made up".
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'OBJECT_' + addr_pfx + '_SOURCE_ADDRESS': inet_ntop(addr_family, pack("I", event.saddr)),
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'OBJECT_TCP_SOURCE_PORT': str(event.ports >> 32),
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'OBJECT_' + addr_pfx + '_DESTINATION_ADDRESS': inet_ntop(addr_family, pack("I", event.daddr)),
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'OBJECT_TCP_DESTINATION_PORT': str(event.ports & 0xffffffff),
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'OBJECT_TCP_OLD_STATE': tcpstate2str(event.oldstate),
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'OBJECT_TCP_NEW_STATE': tcpstate2str(event.newstate),
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'OBJECT_TCP_SPAN_TIME': str(event.span_us)
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}
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msg_format_string = (u"%(OBJECT_COMM)s " +
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u"%(OBJECT_" + addr_pfx + "_SOURCE_ADDRESS)s " +
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u"%(OBJECT_TCP_SOURCE_PORT)s → " +
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u"%(OBJECT_" + addr_pfx + "_DESTINATION_ADDRESS)s " +
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u"%(OBJECT_TCP_DESTINATION_PORT)s " +
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u"%(OBJECT_TCP_OLD_STATE)s → %(OBJECT_TCP_NEW_STATE)s")
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fields['MESSAGE'] = msg_format_string % (fields)
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if getuid() == 0:
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del fields['OBJECT_COMM'] # Handled by systemd-journald
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return fields
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# process event
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def print_ipv4_event(cpu, data, size):
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event = ct.cast(data, ct.POINTER(Data_ipv4)).contents
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global start_ts
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if args.time:
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if args.csv:
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print("%s," % strftime("%H:%M:%S"), end="")
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else:
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print("%-8s " % strftime("%H:%M:%S"), end="")
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if args.timestamp:
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if start_ts == 0:
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start_ts = event.ts_us
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delta_s = (float(event.ts_us) - start_ts) / 1000000
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if args.csv:
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print("%.6f," % delta_s, end="")
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else:
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print("%-9.6f " % delta_s, end="")
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print(format_string % (event.skaddr, event.pid, event.task.decode('utf-8', 'replace'),
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"4" if args.wide or args.csv else "",
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inet_ntop(AF_INET, pack("I", event.saddr)), event.ports >> 32,
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inet_ntop(AF_INET, pack("I", event.daddr)), event.ports & 0xffffffff,
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tcpstate2str(event.oldstate), tcpstate2str(event.newstate),
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float(event.span_us) / 1000))
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if args.journal:
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journal.send(**journal_fields(event, AF_INET))
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def print_ipv6_event(cpu, data, size):
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event = ct.cast(data, ct.POINTER(Data_ipv6)).contents
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global start_ts
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if args.time:
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if args.csv:
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print("%s," % strftime("%H:%M:%S"), end="")
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else:
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print("%-8s " % strftime("%H:%M:%S"), end="")
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if args.timestamp:
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if start_ts == 0:
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start_ts = event.ts_us
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delta_s = (float(event.ts_us) - start_ts) / 1000000
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if args.csv:
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print("%.6f," % delta_s, end="")
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else:
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print("%-9.6f " % delta_s, end="")
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print(format_string % (event.skaddr, event.pid, event.task.decode('utf-8', 'replace'),
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"6" if args.wide or args.csv else "",
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inet_ntop(AF_INET6, event.saddr), event.ports >> 32,
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inet_ntop(AF_INET6, event.daddr), event.ports & 0xffffffff,
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tcpstate2str(event.oldstate), tcpstate2str(event.newstate),
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float(event.span_us) / 1000))
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if args.journal:
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journal.send(**journal_fields(event, AF_INET6))
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# initialize BPF
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b = BPF(text=bpf_text)
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# header
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if args.time:
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if args.csv:
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print("%s," % ("TIME"), end="")
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else:
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print("%-8s " % ("TIME"), end="")
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if args.timestamp:
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if args.csv:
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print("%s," % ("TIME(s)"), end="")
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else:
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print("%-9s " % ("TIME(s)"), end="")
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print(header_string % ("SKADDR", "C-PID", "C-COMM",
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"IP" if args.wide or args.csv else "",
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"LADDR", "LPORT", "RADDR", "RPORT",
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"OLDSTATE", "NEWSTATE", "MS"))
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start_ts = 0
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# read events
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b["ipv4_events"].open_perf_buffer(print_ipv4_event, page_cnt=64)
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b["ipv6_events"].open_perf_buffer(print_ipv6_event, page_cnt=64)
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while 1:
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try:
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b.perf_buffer_poll()
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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exit()
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