You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
464 lines
18 KiB
464 lines
18 KiB
:mod:`ftplib` --- FTP protocol client
|
|
=====================================
|
|
|
|
.. module:: ftplib
|
|
:synopsis: FTP protocol client (requires sockets).
|
|
|
|
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ftplib.py`
|
|
|
|
.. index::
|
|
pair: FTP; protocol
|
|
single: FTP; ftplib (standard module)
|
|
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
This module defines the class :class:`FTP` and a few related items. The
|
|
:class:`FTP` class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can use
|
|
this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP jobs, such
|
|
as mirroring other FTP servers. It is also used by the module
|
|
:mod:`urllib.request` to handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on FTP
|
|
(File Transfer Protocol), see Internet :rfc:`959`.
|
|
|
|
The default encoding is UTF-8, following :rfc:`2640`.
|
|
|
|
Here's a sample session using the :mod:`ftplib` module::
|
|
|
|
>>> from ftplib import FTP
|
|
>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org') # connect to host, default port
|
|
>>> ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@
|
|
'230 Login successful.'
|
|
>>> ftp.cwd('debian') # change into "debian" directory
|
|
>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
|
|
-rw-rw-r-- 1 1176 1176 1063 Jun 15 10:18 README
|
|
...
|
|
drwxr-sr-x 5 1176 1176 4096 Dec 19 2000 pool
|
|
drwxr-sr-x 4 1176 1176 4096 Nov 17 2008 project
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 3 1176 1176 4096 Oct 10 2012 tools
|
|
'226 Directory send OK.'
|
|
>>> with open('README', 'wb') as fp:
|
|
>>> ftp.retrbinary('RETR README', fp.write)
|
|
'226 Transfer complete.'
|
|
>>> ftp.quit()
|
|
|
|
|
|
The module defines the following items:
|
|
|
|
.. class:: FTP(host='', user='', passwd='', acct='', timeout=None, source_address=None, *, encoding='utf-8')
|
|
|
|
Return a new instance of the :class:`FTP` class. When *host* is given, the
|
|
method call ``connect(host)`` is made. When *user* is given, additionally
|
|
the method call ``login(user, passwd, acct)`` is made (where *passwd* and
|
|
*acct* default to the empty string when not given). The optional *timeout*
|
|
parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the
|
|
connection attempt (if is not specified, the global default timeout setting
|
|
will be used). *source_address* is a 2-tuple ``(host, port)`` for the socket
|
|
to bind to as its source address before connecting. The *encoding* parameter
|
|
specifies the encoding for directories and filenames.
|
|
|
|
The :class:`FTP` class supports the :keyword:`with` statement, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
>>> from ftplib import FTP
|
|
>>> with FTP("ftp1.at.proftpd.org") as ftp:
|
|
... ftp.login()
|
|
... ftp.dir()
|
|
... # doctest: +SKIP
|
|
'230 Anonymous login ok, restrictions apply.'
|
|
dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 .
|
|
dr-xr-xr-x 9 ftp ftp 154 May 6 10:43 ..
|
|
dr-xr-xr-x 5 ftp ftp 4096 May 6 10:43 CentOS
|
|
dr-xr-xr-x 3 ftp ftp 18 Jul 10 2008 Fedora
|
|
>>>
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
|
|
Support for the :keyword:`with` statement was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.3
|
|
*source_address* parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.9
|
|
If the *timeout* parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a
|
|
:class:`ValueError` to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket.
|
|
The *encoding* parameter was added, and the default was changed from
|
|
Latin-1 to UTF-8 to follow :rfc:`2640`.
|
|
|
|
.. class:: FTP_TLS(host='', user='', passwd='', acct='', keyfile=None, certfile=None, context=None, timeout=None, source_address=None, *, encoding='utf-8')
|
|
|
|
A :class:`FTP` subclass which adds TLS support to FTP as described in
|
|
:rfc:`4217`.
|
|
Connect as usual to port 21 implicitly securing the FTP control connection
|
|
before authenticating. Securing the data connection requires the user to
|
|
explicitly ask for it by calling the :meth:`prot_p` method. *context*
|
|
is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object which allows bundling SSL configuration
|
|
options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially
|
|
long-lived) structure. Please read :ref:`ssl-security` for best practices.
|
|
|
|
*keyfile* and *certfile* are a legacy alternative to *context* -- they
|
|
can point to PEM-formatted private key and certificate chain files
|
|
(respectively) for the SSL connection.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.2
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.3
|
|
*source_address* parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
|
|
The class now supports hostname check with
|
|
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
|
|
:data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
|
|
|
|
.. deprecated:: 3.6
|
|
|
|
*keyfile* and *certfile* are deprecated in favor of *context*.
|
|
Please use :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` instead, or let
|
|
:func:`ssl.create_default_context` select the system's trusted CA
|
|
certificates for you.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.9
|
|
If the *timeout* parameter is set to be zero, it will raise a
|
|
:class:`ValueError` to prevent the creation of a non-blocking socket.
|
|
The *encoding* parameter was added, and the default was changed from
|
|
Latin-1 to UTF-8 to follow :rfc:`2640`.
|
|
|
|
Here's a sample session using the :class:`FTP_TLS` class::
|
|
|
|
>>> ftps = FTP_TLS('ftp.pureftpd.org')
|
|
>>> ftps.login()
|
|
'230 Anonymous user logged in'
|
|
>>> ftps.prot_p()
|
|
'200 Data protection level set to "private"'
|
|
>>> ftps.nlst()
|
|
['6jack', 'OpenBSD', 'antilink', 'blogbench', 'bsdcam', 'clockspeed', 'djbdns-jedi', 'docs', 'eaccelerator-jedi', 'favicon.ico', 'francotone', 'fugu', 'ignore', 'libpuzzle', 'metalog', 'minidentd', 'misc', 'mysql-udf-global-user-variables', 'php-jenkins-hash', 'php-skein-hash', 'php-webdav', 'phpaudit', 'phpbench', 'pincaster', 'ping', 'posto', 'pub', 'public', 'public_keys', 'pure-ftpd', 'qscan', 'qtc', 'sharedance', 'skycache', 'sound', 'tmp', 'ucarp']
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_reply
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_temp
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an error code signifying a temporary error (response
|
|
codes in the range 400--499) is received.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_perm
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when an error code signifying a permanent error (response
|
|
codes in the range 500--599) is received.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. exception:: error_proto
|
|
|
|
Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not fit
|
|
the response specifications of the File Transfer Protocol, i.e. begin with a
|
|
digit in the range 1--5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. data:: all_errors
|
|
|
|
The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of :class:`FTP`
|
|
instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as
|
|
opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the
|
|
four exceptions listed above as well as :exc:`OSError` and :exc:`EOFError`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
Module :mod:`netrc`
|
|
Parser for the :file:`.netrc` file format. The file :file:`.netrc` is
|
|
typically used by FTP clients to load user authentication information
|
|
before prompting the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _ftp-objects:
|
|
|
|
FTP Objects
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and
|
|
another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used
|
|
followed by ``lines`` for the text version or ``binary`` for the binary version.
|
|
|
|
:class:`FTP` instances have the following methods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.set_debuglevel(level)
|
|
|
|
Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
|
|
output printed. The default, ``0``, produces no debugging output. A value of
|
|
``1`` produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
|
|
per request. A value of ``2`` or higher produces the maximum amount of
|
|
debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.connect(host='', port=0, timeout=None, source_address=None)
|
|
|
|
Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is ``21``, as
|
|
specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a
|
|
different port number. This function should be called only once for each
|
|
instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance
|
|
was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been
|
|
made.
|
|
The optional *timeout* parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
|
|
connection attempt. If no *timeout* is passed, the global default timeout
|
|
setting will be used.
|
|
*source_address* is a 2-tuple ``(host, port)`` for the socket to bind to as
|
|
its source address before connecting.
|
|
|
|
.. audit-event:: ftplib.connect self,host,port ftplib.FTP.connect
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.3
|
|
*source_address* parameter was added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.getwelcome()
|
|
|
|
Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
|
|
connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
|
|
that may be relevant to the user.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.login(user='anonymous', passwd='', acct='')
|
|
|
|
Log in as the given *user*. The *passwd* and *acct* parameters are optional and
|
|
default to the empty string. If no *user* is specified, it defaults to
|
|
``'anonymous'``. If *user* is ``'anonymous'``, the default *passwd* is
|
|
``'anonymous@'``. This function should be called only once for each instance,
|
|
after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a
|
|
host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are
|
|
only allowed after the client has logged in. The *acct* parameter supplies
|
|
"accounting information"; few systems implement this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.abort()
|
|
|
|
Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but
|
|
it's worth a try.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.sendcmd(cmd)
|
|
|
|
Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.
|
|
|
|
.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.sendcmd
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.voidcmd(cmd)
|
|
|
|
Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return
|
|
nothing if a response code corresponding to success (codes in the range
|
|
200--299) is received. Raise :exc:`error_reply` otherwise.
|
|
|
|
.. audit-event:: ftplib.sendcmd self,cmd ftplib.FTP.voidcmd
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.retrbinary(cmd, callback, blocksize=8192, rest=None)
|
|
|
|
Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
|
|
``RETR`` command: ``'RETR filename'``. The *callback* function is called for
|
|
each block of data received, with a single bytes argument giving the data
|
|
block. The optional *blocksize* argument specifies the maximum chunk size to
|
|
read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which
|
|
will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to *callback*). A
|
|
reasonable default is chosen. *rest* means the same thing as in the
|
|
:meth:`transfercmd` method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.retrlines(cmd, callback=None)
|
|
|
|
Retrieve a file or directory listing in the encoding specified by the
|
|
*encoding* parameter at initialization.
|
|
*cmd* should be an appropriate ``RETR`` command (see :meth:`retrbinary`) or
|
|
a command such as ``LIST`` or ``NLST`` (usually just the string ``'LIST'``).
|
|
``LIST`` retrieves a list of files and information about those files.
|
|
``NLST`` retrieves a list of file names.
|
|
The *callback* function is called for each line with a string argument
|
|
containing the line with the trailing CRLF stripped. The default *callback*
|
|
prints the line to ``sys.stdout``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.set_pasv(val)
|
|
|
|
Enable "passive" mode if *val* is true, otherwise disable passive mode.
|
|
Passive mode is on by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.storbinary(cmd, fp, blocksize=8192, callback=None, rest=None)
|
|
|
|
Store a file in binary transfer mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
|
|
``STOR`` command: ``"STOR filename"``. *fp* is a :term:`file object`
|
|
(opened in binary mode) which is read until EOF using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.read`
|
|
method in blocks of size *blocksize* to provide the data to be stored.
|
|
The *blocksize* argument defaults to 8192. *callback* is an optional single
|
|
parameter callable that is called on each block of data after it is sent.
|
|
*rest* means the same thing as in the :meth:`transfercmd` method.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
|
|
*rest* parameter added.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.storlines(cmd, fp, callback=None)
|
|
|
|
Store a file in line mode. *cmd* should be an appropriate
|
|
``STOR`` command (see :meth:`storbinary`). Lines are read until EOF from the
|
|
:term:`file object` *fp* (opened in binary mode) using its :meth:`~io.IOBase.readline`
|
|
method to provide the data to be stored. *callback* is an optional single
|
|
parameter callable that is called on each line after it is sent.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.transfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
|
|
|
|
Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send an
|
|
``EPRT`` or ``PORT`` command and the transfer command specified by *cmd*, and
|
|
accept the connection. If the server is passive, send an ``EPSV`` or ``PASV``
|
|
command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the
|
|
socket for the connection.
|
|
|
|
If optional *rest* is given, a ``REST`` command is sent to the server, passing
|
|
*rest* as an argument. *rest* is usually a byte offset into the requested file,
|
|
telling the server to restart sending the file's bytes at the requested offset,
|
|
skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that the :meth:`transfercmd`
|
|
method converts *rest* to a string with the *encoding* parameter specified
|
|
at initialization, but no check is performed on the string's contents. If the
|
|
server does not recognize the ``REST`` command, an :exc:`error_reply` exception
|
|
will be raised. If this happens, simply call :meth:`transfercmd` without a
|
|
*rest* argument.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.ntransfercmd(cmd, rest=None)
|
|
|
|
Like :meth:`transfercmd`, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the
|
|
expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, ``None``
|
|
will be returned as the expected size. *cmd* and *rest* means the same thing as
|
|
in :meth:`transfercmd`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.mlsd(path="", facts=[])
|
|
|
|
List a directory in a standardized format by using ``MLSD`` command
|
|
(:rfc:`3659`). If *path* is omitted the current directory is assumed.
|
|
*facts* is a list of strings representing the type of information desired
|
|
(e.g. ``["type", "size", "perm"]``). Return a generator object yielding a
|
|
tuple of two elements for every file found in path. First element is the
|
|
file name, the second one is a dictionary containing facts about the file
|
|
name. Content of this dictionary might be limited by the *facts* argument
|
|
but server is not guaranteed to return all requested facts.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.nlst(argument[, ...])
|
|
|
|
Return a list of file names as returned by the ``NLST`` command. The
|
|
optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the current server
|
|
directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to
|
|
the ``NLST`` command.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.dir(argument[, ...])
|
|
|
|
Produce a directory listing as returned by the ``LIST`` command, printing it to
|
|
standard output. The optional *argument* is a directory to list (default is the
|
|
current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard
|
|
options to the ``LIST`` command. If the last argument is a function, it is used
|
|
as a *callback* function as for :meth:`retrlines`; the default prints to
|
|
``sys.stdout``. This method returns ``None``.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: If your server supports the command, :meth:`mlsd` offers a better API.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.rename(fromname, toname)
|
|
|
|
Rename file *fromname* on the server to *toname*.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.delete(filename)
|
|
|
|
Remove the file named *filename* from the server. If successful, returns the
|
|
text of the response, otherwise raises :exc:`error_perm` on permission errors or
|
|
:exc:`error_reply` on other errors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.cwd(pathname)
|
|
|
|
Set the current directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.mkd(pathname)
|
|
|
|
Create a new directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.pwd()
|
|
|
|
Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.rmd(dirname)
|
|
|
|
Remove the directory named *dirname* on the server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.size(filename)
|
|
|
|
Request the size of the file named *filename* on the server. On success, the
|
|
size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise ``None`` is returned.
|
|
Note that the ``SIZE`` command is not standardized, but is supported by many
|
|
common server implementations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.quit()
|
|
|
|
Send a ``QUIT`` command to the server and close the connection. This is the
|
|
"polite" way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server
|
|
responds with an error to the ``QUIT`` command. This implies a call to the
|
|
:meth:`close` method which renders the :class:`FTP` instance useless for
|
|
subsequent calls (see below).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP.close()
|
|
|
|
Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already
|
|
closed connection such as after a successful call to :meth:`~FTP.quit`.
|
|
After this call the :class:`FTP` instance should not be used any more (after
|
|
a call to :meth:`close` or :meth:`~FTP.quit` you cannot reopen the
|
|
connection by issuing another :meth:`login` method).
|
|
|
|
|
|
FTP_TLS Objects
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
:class:`FTP_TLS` class inherits from :class:`FTP`, defining these additional objects:
|
|
|
|
.. attribute:: FTP_TLS.ssl_version
|
|
|
|
The SSL version to use (defaults to :attr:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`).
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.auth()
|
|
|
|
Set up a secure control connection by using TLS or SSL, depending on what
|
|
is specified in the :attr:`ssl_version` attribute.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
|
|
The method now supports hostname check with
|
|
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
|
|
:data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.ccc()
|
|
|
|
Revert control channel back to plaintext. This can be useful to take
|
|
advantage of firewalls that know how to handle NAT with non-secure FTP
|
|
without opening fixed ports.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.3
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_p()
|
|
|
|
Set up secure data connection.
|
|
|
|
.. method:: FTP_TLS.prot_c()
|
|
|
|
Set up clear text data connection.
|